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Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2010; 38(05): 285-292
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1621614
Original Article
Schattauer GmbH

Exhaust expulsion of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) through ultrasound machines

An experimental studyAusstoß des PRRS-Virus durch UltraschallgeräteEine experimentelle Studie
J. Kauffold
1   Department of Clinical Studies – New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, U.S.A.
,
A. Wehrend
2   Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology of Large and Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
,
B.-A. Schwarz
3   Official Laboratory for Public and Veterinary Health Saxony, Leipzig, Germany
,
D. Knauf
2   Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology of Large and Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
,
R. Willig
4   Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
,
G. Schagemann
5   Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany
,
F. Schmoll
6   Institute for Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Eingegangen:15 February 2010

Akzeptiert nach Revision:13 August 2010

Publication Date:
08 January 2018 (online)

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Summary:

Objective: Three experiments (EXP) were conducted to investigate if air contaminated with PRRS virus (Ingelvac PRRS MLV vaccine containing the North American strain) can be sucked into ultrasound machines and then expelled back into an infected (EXP-1) or a clean environment (EXP-3) through the action of ventilation fans, and if covering the machines prevents exhaust expulsion of the virus (EXP-2). Materials and methods: The experimental apparatus basically comprised of a plastic chamber, an ultrasound unit HS 1201, a device that allowed for virus aerosolization and a pipe system that allowed the air to return into the chamber (EXP-1) or to be expelled into the atmosphere (EXP-3), or was blocked by using a rubber membrane (EXP-2). In EXP-1, different virus concentrations were tested (i. e. 104, 105 and 106 TCID50, each concentration in three replicates and two runs). In EXP-2, the highest concentration, i. e. 106 TCID50 was used (three replicates and two runs). EXP-3 immediately followed EXP-2 without introduction of new virus (two runs). Virus exhaust expulsion was monitored by swabbing the pipe system with the swabs being subjected to RT-nPCR and culture. Results: In EXP-1, 106 TCID50 PRRSV, but none of the other concentrations, gave constantly virus-positive results by RT-nPCR. In EXP-2, covering completely prevented virus exhaust expulsion. In EXP-3, two out of eight swabs were positive by RT-nPCR. Cell culture of positive swabs was negative. Conclusion: The study suggests exhaust expulsion of PRRSV through ultrasound machines equipped with a ventilator fan into an infected and a clean environment, but failed to demonstrate infectivity of the expelled virus. Preventing exhaust air expulsion by complete covering prevents the expulsion of the virus.

Zusammenfassung:

Gegenstand und Ziel: Untersucht wurde, ob mit PRRS-Virus kontaminierte Luft von Ultraschallgeräten über eingebaute Ventilatoren angesaugt und in einer infizierten (EXP-1) oder PRRSV-freien Umgebung (EXP-3) abgegeben wird und ob sich die Virusabgabe durch Umhüllung des Geräts unterbinden lässt (EXP-2). Material und Methoden: Das Ultraschallgerät befand sich in einer Plastikbox. Sein Ventilator war an ein Rohrsystem angeschlossen, das die ausgestoßene Luft an die Außenluft abgab (EXP-3) oder in die Box zurückführte (EXP-1). Bei EXP-2 erfolgte eine Blockade dieser Rückfuhr. Aerolisiertes Impfvirus wurde mit PRRSV-freiem Stallstaub vermischt und dieser mit 100 mg je Viruskonzentration in die Box eingebracht. Im EXP-1 wurden die Viruskonzentrationen 104, 105 und 106 TCID50, im EXP-2 nur die 106 TCID50 verwendet. In beiden EXP erfolgten für jede Konzentration drei Tests hintereinander in zwei separaten Versuchsdurchgängen. EXP-3 schloss sich unmittelbar EXP-2 an und wurde zweimal wiederholt. Zwischen beiden EXP erfolgte eine Reinigung und Desinfektion aller Gerätschaften. Neues Virus wurde nicht eingebracht. Zum Nachweis von Virus in der vom Ventilator abgegebenen Luft wurden Tupfer aus dem Rohrsystem genommen und mittels RT-nPCR und Zellkultur untersucht. Ergebnisse: EXP-1: In der RT-nPCR waren fast alle Tupfer bei der Konzentration 106 TCID50 positiv, während sich bei 104 und 105 TCID50 nur vereinzelt Virus nachweisen ließ. EXP-2: Durch Blockade des Rohrsystems wurde der Ausstoß von PRRSV komplett unterbunden. EXP-3: Zwei der acht Tupfer waren in der RT-nPCR viruspositiv. Virus konnte in keinem Fall angezüchtet werden. Schlussfolgerungen: Es ist anzunehmen, dass durch Ultraschallgeräte mit Ventilatoren PRRSV an die Umgebung abgegeben wird. Abzuklären bleibt, ob das abgegebene Virus infektiös ist. Umhüllungen der Geräte, die eine Abgabe von Luft an die Umgebung komplett unterbinden, verhindern auch die Abgabe von Virus.

Key words:

Swine - ultrasound machines - RPRSV - aerosol spread

Schlüsselwörter:

Schwein - Ultraschallgeräte - PRRSV - aerogene Verbreitung
 

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