Diffusionstensor-Magnetresonanztomographie

Zusammenfassung

Diffusionstensor-Magnetresonanztomographie kombiniert die Messprinzipien von Magnetresonanztomographie und Diffusion. Sie charakterisiert die Diffusion von Wassermolekülen durch die Rekonstruktion von Diffusionstensoren, deren Eigenwerte (Hauptdiffusionsstärken) und Eigenvektoren (Hauptdiffusionsrichtungen) durch die Achsenlängen und Achsenrichtungen von Diffusionsellipsoiden veranschaulicht werden. Die Kenntnis der Diffusionsstärken erlaubt quantitative Aussagen zu Anisotropie und damit zur mikroskopischen Struktur von Gewebe, die Kenntnis der Diffusionsrichtungen das Verfolgen neuronaler Faserzüge im Gehirn. Diese Übersicht stellt Messprinzip, Auswertung, Anwendungen sowie Probleme des Verfahrens vor.

Summary

Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging combines the principles of magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion. It characterizes the diffusion of water molecules through the reconstruction of diffusion tensors, the eigenvalues (diffusion strength) and eigenvectors (diffusion direction) of which are illustrated by lengths and directions of axes in diffusion ellipsoids. Knowledge about the strengths and direction of diffusion allows quantifying the microscopic structure of tissues via anisotropy and the tracking of neuronal fibers in the brain, respectively. This overview presents the measurement principle, analysis, applications and problems of the method.

Schlüsselwörter

Strukturelle Bildgebung - Magnetresonanztomographie - Diffusion - Diffusionstensor - Diffusionsellipsoid - Anisotropie - Traktographie

Keywords

Structural imaging - magnetic resonance tomography - diffusion - diffusion tensor - diffusion ellipsoid - anisotropy - tractography

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