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Semin Reprod Med 2023; 41(06): 241-257
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1777324
Review Article

Unraveling the Impact of Sperm DNA Fragmentation on Reproductive Outcomes

Jeanett L.M. Nielsen 
1   The Fertility Clinic, Skive Regional Hospital, Skive, Denmark
2   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark
,
Ahmad Majzoub 
3   Department of Urology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
4   Department of Clinical Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
,
Sandro Esteves 
5   ANDROFERT, Andrology and Human Reproduction Clinic, Campinas, Brazil
6   Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
7   Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
,
Peter Humaidan 
1   The Fertility Clinic, Skive Regional Hospital, Skive, Denmark
8   Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
› Author Affiliations
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Abstract

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in identifying subcellular causes of male infertility, and sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) research has been at the forefront of this focus. DNA damage can occur during spermatogenesis due to faulty chromatin compaction or excessive abortive apoptosis. It can also happen as sperm transit through the genital tract, often induced by oxidative stress. There are several methods for SDF testing, with the sperm chromatin structure assay, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase d-UTI nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, comet assay, and sperm chromatin dispersion test being the most commonly used. Numerous studies strongly support the negative impact of SDF on male fertility potential. DNA damage has been linked to various morphological and functional sperm abnormalities, ultimately affecting natural conception and assisted reproductive technology outcomes. This evidence-based review aims to explore how SDF influences male reproduction and provide insights into available therapeutic options to minimize its detrimental impact.

Keywords

sperm DNA fragmentation - male infertility - assisted reproduction - natural conception - recurrent pregnancy loss


Publication History

Article published online:
13 December 2023

© 2023. Thieme. All rights reserved.

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