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J Am Acad Audiol 2024; 35(09/10): 226-233
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1791215
Research Article

Quality and Readability of Hearing Aid-Related Websites in English and Spanish

Abbigayle Willgruber
1   College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
,
Brian Kinealy
2   Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky
,
David Adkins
2   Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky
,
Marissa Schuh
2   Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky
,
Jennifer B. Shinn
2   Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky
,
Trey A. Cline
2   Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky
,
Ryleigh Board
2   Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky
,
Zain Hassan
1   College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
,
Matthew Bush
2   Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky
› Author Affiliations Funding This work was supported by the National Institute of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (R21 DC019602 to M.B.).
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Abstract

Objective To determine the readability and quality of both English and Spanish Web sites for the topic of hearing aids.

Study Design Cross-sectional Web site analysis.

Setting Various online search engines.

Methods The term “hearing aid” was queried across four popular search engines. The first resulted 75 English Web sites and first resulted 75 Spanish Web sites were extracted for data collection. Web sites that met the inclusion criteria were stratified by the presence of a Health on the Net Code (HONCode) certificate. Articles were then compiled to be independently reviewed by experts on hearing aids, using the DISCERN criteria, which allowed assessment of the quality of the Web sites. Readability was assessed by calculating the Flesch Reading Ease Score in English and the Fernandez Huerta Formula in Spanish. Readability and quality were both analyzed, comparing scores to their respective language and cross-comparing.

Results There were 37 English Web sites and 30 Spanish Web sites that met inclusion criteria. When analyzing readability, English Web sites were determined to be significantly more difficult to read (average = 55.37, standard deviation [SD] = 7.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 52.9–57.9) than the Spanish Web site counterparts (average = 58.64, SD = 5.26, 95% CI = 56.8–60.5, p = 0.035). For quality, Spanish Web sites (average = 38, SD = 9.7, 95% CI = 34.5–41.5) were determined to be of significantly higher quality than English Web sites (average = 32.16, SD = 10.60, 95% CI = 29.7–34.6). Additionally, there was a significant difference between the non-HONCode English Web sites versus the non-HONCode Spanish Web sites (p = 0.0081), signifying that Spanish non-HONCode certified Web sites were less reliable than non-HONCode certified English Web sites.

Discussion The present study highlights the importance and necessity of providing quality, readable materials to patients seeking information regarding hearing aids. This study shows that both English and Spanish Web sites are written at a level that is much higher than the American Medical Association (AMA)-recommended sixth-grade reading level, and no Web site included in this study fell at or below the AMA-recommended sixth-grade reading level. English and Spanish Web sites also lacked consistency and quality, as evidenced by their wide variability in DISCERN scores. Specifically, Hispanic patients are more likely to suffer long-term consequences of their health care due to low levels of health literacy. It is important to bridge this gap by providing adequate reading materials. It is especially important to provide evidence-based claims that are directly supported by experts in the field.

Keywords

hearing aid - health literacy - health disparity

Previous Presentation

This research was presented at the Triological Society Combined Sections Meeting, Coronado, CA, January May 26–28, 2023.


Supplementary Material



Publication History

Received: 07 March 2023

Accepted: 12 April 2024

Article published online:
18 December 2024

© 2024. American Academy of Audiology. This article is published by Thieme.

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