Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/s-0045-1804916
Updates in IPMN Surveillance following Resection: A Review Article

Abstract
Surveillance strategies following resection for intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) are heterogeneously described. Understanding patterns of recurrences, risk factors for recurrences, and mechanisms by which recurrences occur is important for informing contemporary management. This review incorporates nearly 25 years of IPMN experience to emphasize noninvasive IPMN outcomes, categorize risk factors that contribute to recurrence, and, most importantly, describe overall recurrence risks. Aggregated, the rates for overall recurrence rate, remnant recurrence, invasive cancer, and invasive cancer within the pancreatic remnant are 9, 7, 2, and 1%, respectively, with a median time-to-recurrence of 33 months. These results provide a surveillance framework for capturing and intervening on most clinically relevant recurrences.
Keywords
intraductal papillary mutinous neoplasm - post-pancreatectomy IPMN surveillance - noninvasive IPMN - IPMN high-grade dysplasia - invasive carcinomaPublication History
Received: 25 August 2024
Accepted: 28 January 2025
Article published online:
03 March 2025
© 2025. Thieme. All rights reserved.
Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USA
-
References
- 1 Tanaka M, Fernández-Del Castillo C, Kamisawa T. et al. Revisions of international consensus Fukuoka guidelines for the management of IPMN of the pancreas. Pancreatology 2017; 17 (05) 738-753
- 2 Tanaka M, Chari S, Adsay V. et al; International Association of Pancreatology. International consensus guidelines for management of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms and mucinous cystic neoplasms of the pancreas. Pancreatology 2006; 6 (1-2): 17-32
- 3 Ohtsuka T, Fernandez-Del Castillo C, Furukawa T. et al. International evidence-based Kyoto guidelines for the management of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas. Pancreatology 2024; 24 (02) 255-270
- 4 Correa-Gallego C, Miyasaka Y, Hozaka Y. et al. Surveillance after resection of non-invasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN). A systematic review. Pancreatology 2023; 23 (03) 258-265
- 5 Miller JR, Meyer JE, Waters JA. et al. Outcome of the pancreatic remnant following segmental pancreatectomy for non-invasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm. HPB (Oxford) 2011; 13 (11) 759-766
- 6 He J, Cameron JL, Ahuja N. et al. Is it necessary to follow patients after resection of a benign pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm?. J Am Coll Surg 2013; 216 (04) 657-665 , discussion 665–667
- 7 Rezaee N, Barbon C, Zaki A. et al. Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) with high-grade dysplasia is a risk factor for the subsequent development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. HPB (Oxford) 2016; 18 (03) 236-246
- 8 Pea A, Yu J, Rezaee N. et al. Targeted DNA sequencing reveals patterns of local progression in the pancreatic remnant following resection of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) of the pancreas. Ann Surg 2017; 266 (01) 133-141
- 9 Nagai K, Mizukami Y, Omori Y. et al. Metachronous intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms disseminate via the pancreatic duct following resection. Mod Pathol 2020; 33 (05) 971-980
- 10 Miyasaka Y, Ohtsuka T, Tamura K. et al. Predictive factors for the metachronous development of high-risk lesions in the remnant pancreas after partial pancreatectomy for intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm. Ann Surg 2016; 263 (06) 1180-1187
- 11 Moriya T, Traverso W. Fate of the pancreatic remnant after resection for an intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm: a longitudinal level II cohort study. Arch Surg 2012; 147 (06) 528-534
- 12 Takahashi H, Nakamori S, Nakahira S. et al. Surgical outcomes of noninvasive and minimally invasive intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas. Ann Surg Oncol 2006; 13 (07) 955-960
- 13 Blackham AU, Doepker MP, Centeno BA. et al. Patterns of recurrence and long-term outcomes in patients who underwent pancreatectomy for intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms with high grade dysplasia: implications for surveillance and future management guidelines. HPB (Oxford) 2017; 19 (07) 603-610
- 14 Salahuddin A, Thayaparan V, Hamad A. et al. Recurrence following resection of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms: a systematic review to guide surveillance. J Clin Med 2024; 13 (03) 830
- 15 Chari ST, Yadav D, Smyrk TC. et al. Study of recurrence after surgical resection of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas. Gastroenterology 2002; 123 (05) 1500-1507
- 16 Sohn TA, Yeo CJ, Cameron JL. et al. Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas: an updated experience. Ann Surg 2004; 239 (06) 788-797 , discussion 797–799
- 17 D'Angelica M, Brennan MF, Suriawinata AA, Klimstra D, Conlon KC. Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas: an analysis of clinicopathologic features and outcome. Ann Surg 2004; 239 (03) 400-408
- 18 Salvia R, Fernández-del Castillo C, Bassi C. et al. Main-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas: clinical predictors of malignancy and long-term survival following resection. Ann Surg 2004; 239 (05) 678-685 , discussion 685–687
- 19 Landa J, Allen P, D'Angelica M, Schwartz LH. Recurrence patterns of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas on enhanced computed tomography. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2009; 33 (06) 838-843
- 20 Hirono S, Shimizu Y, Ohtsuka T. et al. Recurrence patterns after surgical resection of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) of the pancreas; a multicenter, retrospective study of 1074 IPMN patients by the Japan Pancreas Society. J Gastroenterol 2020; 55 (01) 86-99
- 21 Schnelldorfer T, Sarr MG, Nagorney DM. et al. Experience with 208 resections for intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas. Arch Surg 2008; 143 (07) 639-646 , discussion 646
- 22 Raut CP, Cleary KR, Staerkel GA. et al. Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas: effect of invasion and pancreatic margin status on recurrence and survival. Ann Surg Oncol 2006; 13 (04) 582-594
- 23 Hirono S, Kawai M, Okada K. et al. Long-term surveillance is necessary after operative resection for intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas. Surgery 2016; 160 (02) 306-317
- 24 Fuji T, Umeda Y, Takagi K. et al. Optimal surveillance of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas focusing on remnant pancreas recurrence after surgical resection. BMC Cancer 2022; 22 (01) 588
- 25 Amini N, Habib JR, Blair A. et al. Invasive and noninvasive progression after resection of noninvasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms. Ann Surg 2022; 276 (02) 370-377
- 26 Fujii T, Kato K, Kodera Y. et al. Prognostic impact of pancreatic margin status in the intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas. Surgery 2010; 148 (02) 285-290
- 27 Al Efishat M, Attiyeh MA, Eaton AA. et al. Progression patterns in the remnant pancreas after resection of non-invasive or micro-invasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN). Ann Surg Oncol 2018; 25 (06) 1752-1759
- 28 Winter JM, Jiang W, Basturk O. et al. Recurrence and survival after resection of small intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm-associated carcinomas (≤20-mm invasive component): a multi-institutional analysis. Ann Surg 2016; 263 (04) 793-801
- 29 Asano T, Nakamura T, Noji T. et al. Outcomes of limited resection for patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas: a single-center experience. Pancreatology 2020; 20 (07) 1399-1405
- 30 Kang MJ, Jang JY, Lee KB, Chang YR, Kwon W, Kim SW. Long-term prospective cohort study of patients undergoing pancreatectomy for intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas: implications for postoperative surveillance. Ann Surg 2014; 260 (02) 356-363
- 31 Marchegiani G, Mino-Kenudson M, Sahora K. et al. IPMN involving the main pancreatic duct: biology, epidemiology, and long-term outcomes following resection. Ann Surg 2015; 261 (05) 976-983
- 32 Tamura K, Ohtsuka T, Ideno N. et al. Treatment strategy for main duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas based on the assessment of recurrence in the remnant pancreas after resection: a retrospective review. Ann Surg 2014; 259 (02) 360-368
- 33 Majumder S, Philip NA, Singh Nagpal SJ. et al. High-grade dysplasia in resected main-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (MD-IPMN) is associated with an increased risk of subsequent pancreatic cancer. Am J Gastroenterol 2019; 114 (03) 524-529
- 34 Blair AB, Beckman RM, Habib JR. et al. Should non-invasive diffuse main-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms be treated with total pancreatectomy?. HPB (Oxford) 2022; 24 (05) 645-653
- 35 White R, D'Angelica M, Katabi N. et al. Fate of the remnant pancreas after resection of noninvasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm. J Am Coll Surg 2007; 204 (05) 987-993 , discussion 993–995
- 36 Frankel TL, LaFemina J, Bamboat ZM. et al. Dysplasia at the surgical margin is associated with recurrence after resection of non-invasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms. HPB (Oxford) 2013; 15 (10) 814-821
- 37 Dhar VK, Merchant NB, Patel SH. et al. Does surgical margin impact recurrence in noninvasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms?: A multi-institutional study. Ann Surg 2018; 268 (03) 469-478
- 38 Pflüger MJ, Griffin JF, Hackeng WM. et al. The impact of clinical and pathological features on intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm recurrence after surgical resection: long-term follow-up analysis. Ann Surg 2022; 275 (06) 1165-1174
- 39 Date K, Ohtsuka T, Fujimoto T. et al. Molecular evidence for monoclonal skip progression in main duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas. Ann Surg 2017; 265 (05) 969-977
- 40 Mandai K, Uno K, Yasuda K. Does a family history of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and cyst size influence the follow-up strategy for intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas?. Pancreas 2014; 43 (06) 917-921
- 41 Nehra D, Oyarvide VM, Mino-Kenudson M. et al. Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms: does a family history of pancreatic cancer matter?. Pancreatology 2012; 12 (04) 358-363
- 42 Matsuda R, Miyasaka Y, Ohishi Y. et al. Concomitant intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is an independent predictive factor for the occurrence of new cancer in the remnant pancreas. Ann Surg 2020; 271 (05) 941-948
- 43 Vaalavuo Y, Vornanen M, Ahola R. et al. Long-term (10-year) outcomes and prognostic factors in resected intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm tumors in Finland: a nationwide retrospective study. Surgery 2023; 174 (01) 75-82
- 44 Xourafas D, Tavakkoli A, Clancy TE, Ashley SW. Noninvasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms and mucinous cystic neoplasms: recurrence rates and postoperative imaging follow-up. Surgery 2015; 157 (03) 473-483
- 45 Simpson RE, Ceppa EP, Wu HH. et al. The dilemma of the dilated main pancreatic duct in the distal pancreatic remnant after proximal pancreatectomy for IPMN. J Gastrointest Surg 2019; 23 (08) 1593-1603
- 46 Paniccia A, Polanco PM, Boone BA. et al. Prospective, multi-institutional, real-time next-generation sequencing of pancreatic cyst fluid reveals diverse genomic alterations that improve the clinical management of pancreatic cysts. Gastroenterology 2023; 164 (01) 117-133.e7