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Synthesis 1989; 1989(5): 391-393
DOI: 10.1055/s-1989-27262
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Solid-Liquid Phase-Transfer Catalysis I. Benzylation of Malononitrile

F. Diez-Barra* , A. de la Hoz, A. Moreno, P. Sánchez-Verdú
  • *Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, F-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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Publication Date:
17 September 2002 (online)

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Benzylation of malononitrile has been carried out under solid-liquid phase-transfer catalysis conditions without solvent. The influence of different variables, such as type of base, addition of alumina, molar ratio of phase-transfer agent, temperature, time, and mole ratio of alkylating agent/anion on the final result has been studied carefully. In our hands, the use of potassium carbonate, a 10 mmol/mol ratio of tetra-n-butylammonium bromide, and a 1:2 benzyl bromide/malononitrile mole ratio at 20°C and 5 hours are the best conditions to effect the benzylation of malononitrile.

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