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DOI: 10.1055/s-2000-3724
Die orthopädisch-traumatologische Rehabilitation - ein überflüssiges Relikt?
Publication History
Publication Date:
31 December 2000 (online)
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Zusammenfassung:
In der orthopädisch-traumatologischen Rehabilitation können Muskelatrophien, Gelenkkontrakturen, Knochensubstanzverluste und andere Einschränkungen des Bewegungsapparates verhindert oder zumindest abgeschwächt werden. Gerade nach Operationen treten Leistungsminderungen des Bewegungsapparates und des Herz-Kreislauf-Systems ein, die durch gezielte Maßnahmen aufgehalten werden können. Dafür ist ein effektives Rehabilitationsprogramm notwendig, welches spezielle Therapieformen und Trainingskonzepte berücksichtigt, die auf wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen der Sportmedizin, Leistungsphysiologie und der Trainingswissenschaft, der Orthopädie und Traumatologie und der weiteren Fachbereiche der Medizin basieren. Das Rehabilitationstraining muss ein intensives muskuläres Aufbautraining und ein regelmäßiges Ausdauertraining beinhalten, wobei die Belastung gezielt und individuell gesteuert werden muss. Dazu ist die Festlegung der orthopädischen Belastbarkeit und die Prüfung der kardiopulmonalen Belastungs- und Leistungsfähigkeit als Trainingsgrundlage notwendig. Übertrainingssyndrome sind vermeidbar, wenn zwischen den Trainingseinheiten Entspannungspausen eingeplant werden und die Rehabilitation nach individuellen Parametern gesteuert wird.
Orthopaedic Traumatologic Rehabilitation - A Superfluous Relic of Times Gone By?:
In orthopaedic-traumatologic rehabilitation, muscular atrophies, joint contractures, bone loss and other restrictions of the locomotor system can be prevented or at least diminished. After an operation in particular, decreases in physical capacity of the locomotor and cardiopulmonary systems are common, which can be countered by special training therapies. Therefore, an effective rehabilitation programme is necessary including specific therapy forms and training concepts based on scientific findings in sports medicine, performance physiology and training sciences, in orthopaedics and traumatology as well as further medical disciplines. Determination of the load on the locomotor system and examination of cardiopulmonary capacity are important basic elements of rehabilitation training. Rehabilitation should include intense muscular and regular endurance training where loads must be tuned to the patient's individual capacity. Overuse syndromes can be avoided by planning regeneration breaks between training units and by continuously controlling the individual parameters of the patient. The costs of intense rehabilitation may at first seem high; however, one year after an operation the financial expenditures in those patients who did not receive intense rehabilitation exceeded all costs incurred for an operation and additional rehabilitation.
Schlüsselwörter:
Orthopädisch-traumatologische Rehabilitation - Effektivität - muskuläres Aufbautraining - Ausdauertraining
Key words:
Orthopaedic-traumatologic rehabilitation - Effectiveness - Muscular training - Endurance training
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