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DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-37877
Gedächtnisstörungen
Memory DisturbancesPublication History
Publication Date:
19 March 2003 (online)
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Zusammenfassung
Gedächtnisstörungen können verschiedene Ursachen haben und werden häufig bei Patienten mit Hirnschädigungen festgestellt. Dabei können sowohl Läsionen in sehr spezifischen Strukturen des Gehirns als auch weitflächige Schäden für Gedächtnisdefizite verantwortlich sein. Auch bei Patienten mit psychischen Traumata oder anhaltendem massiven Stress können Gedächtniseinbußen auftreten, ohne dass sich hierfür ein strukturelles Korrelat finden lässt. So können auch funktionelle Änderungen des Gehirns, beispielsweise ein reduzierter Glukosemetabolismus, mit Gedächtnisstörungen einhergehen. In diesem Beitrag werden nach einer kurzen Einführung in gängige Gedächtnisklassifikationen mögliche amnestische Symptome bei verschiedenen hirngeschädigten oder traumatisierten Patienten beschrieben.
Abstract
Memory disturbances can occur due to different aetiologies and are often reported in brain damaged patients. Tiniest lesions of specific brain structures as well as widespread brain damage can result in memory deficits. Even in patients with psychic trauma or massive stress conditions memory disturbances can appear, in the absence of structural correlates. Thus, functional alterations of the brain, for instance a reduced glucose metabolism, can result in memory deficits. In this article, current classifications of memory are presented. Furthermore, amnesic symptoms are described in various brain damaged subjects and in patients having experienced psychic trauma.
Schlüsselwörter
Gedächtnisprozesse - Amnesie - Hirnschädigung - psychische Traumata
Keywords
Memory processes - amnesia - brain damage - psychic traumas
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Dr. Matthias Brand
Universität Bielefeld
Abteilung für Physiologische Psychologie
Postfach: 100131
33501 Bielefeld
Email: m.brand@uni-bielefeld.de