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DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-816238
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York
Prädiktoren für den Krankheitsverlauf von Patienten mit Normaldruckhydrozephalus
Predictors of Outcome in Patients with Normal Pressure HydrocephalusPublication History
Publication Date:
30 April 2004 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Unbestritten ist die Tatsache, dass sich die Behandlungsergebnisse beim Normaldruckhydrozephalus (NPH) nach einer Shunt-Operation trotz des Kenntniszuwachses über dieses Krankheitsbild und der subtilen Diagnostik nur unwesentlich verbessert haben. Es müssen Prädiktoren identifiziert werden, welche eine verlässliche Aussage über den Operationserfolg erlauben!
Bei insgesamt 200 NPH-Patienten, welche mittels Shunt-Operation therapiert wurden, führten wir in 155 Fällen (78 %) eine Nachuntersuchung 7 Monate post operationem und die Analyse der Prädiktoren für den Krankheitsverlauf durch. Die Einteilung des NPH erfolgte nach den Ergebnissen des intrathekalen Infusionstestes in ein Früh- und Spätstadium. Als mögliche Prädiktoren wurden Patientenalter, Anamnesedauer, idiopathische oder sekundäre Ursache, die Symptome: Gangataxie, Demenz und Urininkontinenz, Größe des Abflusswiderstandes, Ergebnis des cerebrospinal tap Testes, Art und Stufe des implantierten Ventils, mögliche Ventilinfektionen und die postoperative Änderung der Ventrikelweite in die Untersuchung aufgenommen. In der Gesamtgruppe waren das Vorhandensein und die Ausprägung der Demenz, die Art des implantierten Ventils und die Größe des Abflusswiderstandes (Rout) hochsignifikant von prädiktivem Wert.
Bei den 80 Patienten mit einem NPH im Frühstadium - ohne Hirnatrophie - sind eine Anamnesedauer unter einem Jahr, nicht vorhandene Demenz bzw. Störung des Kurzzeitgedächtnisses und die Implantation eines Miethke-Dual-Switch-Ventils signifikante Prädiktoren. Die Größe des Abflusswiderstandes (Rout) zeigte nur einen tendenziellen Unterschied bezüglich des Outcomes. Die 75 Patienten mit einem NPH im Spätstadium - mit Hirnatrophie - hatten ein signifikant besseres Outcome bei fehlender Demenz, Rout größer 20 Torr*min/ml, positiven cerebrospinal tap Test und implantierten Miethke-Dual-Switch-Ventil.
Abstract
Despite emerging knowledge over 40 years, the postoperative results after shunt implantations in patients diagnosed for normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) did not improve significantly during the last decade. For that reason predictors have to be identified in order to predict preoperatively the course of disease.
From 1982 until 2000 we examined in a prospective study 200 patients diagnosed for NPH. From the patients, who were surgically treated by a shunt implantation we could reexaminate 155 (78 %) in a meantime interval of seven month after the operation. The NPH was graduated according to the results of the intrathecal infusion test in an early state NPH (without brain atrophy) and late state NPH (with brain atrophy).
In our study, we focussed the attention on the possiple predictors: patients age, length of disease, clinical signs - like gait ataxia, dementia and bladder incontinence, aetiology ideopathic/secondary as well as implanted valve type and the value of resistance to cerebrospinal fluid outflow. To measure the outcome we used the NPH-Recovery-Rate, as statistical test the Chi-square according to Pearson.
In 80 patients with an early stage NPH (without cerebral atrophy) a short course of disease (< 1 year), a just slight distinct of dementia and an implanted Miethke-Dual-Switch valve were significant predictors for a positive postoperative outcome. The outflow resistance measured in the intrathecal infusion test showed only a minimal relevance for the outcome. Those 75 patients with a late state NPH (with cerebral atrophy) had a better outcome when dementia was not present, the outflow resistance was above 20 mm Hg*min/ml, the CSF tap-test was positive and a Miethke-Dual-Switch valve was implanted.
Schlüsselwörter
Normaldruckhydrozephalus - Krankheitsverlauf - Prädiktoren - Resistance - Shunt-Operation - Miethke-Dual-Switch-Ventil
Key words
Normal pressure hydrocephalus - course of disease - predictors - resistance - shunt operation - Miethke-dual-switch-valve
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Priv.-Doz. Dr. med. U. MeierDirektor der Klinik für Neurochirurgie
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