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DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-837373
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York
Primärprävention kardiovaskulärer Erkrankungen
Primary prevention of cardiovascular diseasePublication History
eingereicht: 17.2.2004
akzeptiert: 21.11.2004
Publication Date:
23 December 2004 (online)
Kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen sind in Deutschland unverändert die bedeutendste Ursache für vorzeitige Invalidität und Tod. Dies gilt für Männer ebenso wie für Frauen. Die koronare Herzerkrankung (KHK) wird in ganz erheblichem Maße durch den Lebensstil der westlichen Industrienationen begünstigt: Nikotinkonsum, fettreiche, ballaststoffarme Ernährung, geringe körperliche Aktivität, Übergewicht, Diabetes, erhöhter Alkoholkonsum und psychischer Stress tragen in variabler Kombination zur Entstehung und Progression der atherosklerotischen Erkrankungen bei.
Die konventionellen Risikofaktoren (RF) können über 80 % der kardiovaskulären Ereignisse erklären. Die KHK ist deshalb eine in hohem Maße vermeidbare Erkrankung. Übergewicht, eine Ernährung arm an Obst und Gemüse, Bewegungsmangel und Rauchen können bereits für fast 50 % der kardiovaskulären Ereignisse in der Bevölkerung verantwortlich gemacht werden [12]
Bei manchen Personen ist die Ausprägung der RF so stark und das damit verbundene Risiko so weit erhöht, dass eine medikamentöse Strategie zur Risikoreduktion sinnvoll erscheint. Letzteres ist nach den Leitlinien der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Kardiologie (DGK) [16] bei allen Patienten mit dokumentierter koronarer Herzerkrankung, Gefäßatherosklerose oder Diabetes der Fall. Diejenigen Patienten mit RF, aber ohne dokumentierte oder nachweisbare Gefäßerkrankung, die zusätzlich zu einer Lebensstilmodifikation einer medikamentösen Therapie bedürfen, können mittels Risikostratifizierung eingegrenzt werden.
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Prof. Dr. med. Helmut Gohlke
Chefarzt Klinische Kardiologie II, Herz-Zentrum Bad Krozingen
Südring 15
79189 Bad Krozingen
Phone: 07633/402411
Fax: 07633/402855
Email: helmut.gohlke@herzzentrum.de