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Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2007; 9(4): 502-515
DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-955978
Research Paper

Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart KG · New York

Plastidic trnFUUC Pseudogenes in North American Genus Boechera (Brassicaceae): Mechanistic Aspects of Evolution

C. Dobeš1 , C. Kiefer1 , M. Kiefer1 , M. A. Koch1
  • 1Heidelberg Institute of Plant Science, Department of Biodiversity and Plant Systematics, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
Further Information

Publication History

Received: September 1, 2006

Accepted: November 22, 2006

Publication Date:
15 February 2007 (online)

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Abstract

The origin and maintenance of a plastidic tandem repeat next to the trnFUUC gene were analyzed in the genus Boechera in a phylogenetic context and were compared to published analogous examples that emerged in parallel in the Asteraceae and Juncaceae, respectively. Although we identified some features common to these taxonomic groups with respect to structure and origin of the region, obvious differences were encountered, which argue against a specific mechanism or evolutionary principle underlying the parallel origin and maintenance of the trnF-tandem repeats in those families. In contrast to the situation in the Asteraceae, no reciprocal recombinant repeat types have been observed in the Brassicaceae. Forty copy types, classified into three groups, were isolated from 103 chloroplast haplotypes of Boechera and it was demonstrated that they are composed of four subregions of various origins. We discuss various mutation mechanisms such as DNA replication slippage, and inter- and intrachromosomal recombination which were reported to mediate variation in copy numbers and other types of observed sequence length polymorphism. It is shown that the observed molecular structure of the tandem repeat region did not fully fit the particular patterns expected under a scenario of evolution including any of the known mechanisms. Nevertheless, it appeared that intermolecular unequal crossing-over is most likely the driving force in the evolution of this tandem repeat. However, it remains to be explained, why no reciprocal recombinant copy types have been observed. The reconstructed phylogenetic relationships among copies reflected different evolutionary scenarios as follows: (1) A single and ancient origin of copies pre-dates the radiation of Boechera. (2) Parallel expansion and shortening of the tandem repeat within different Boechera lineages. (3) Conservation of the first copy, as it was the only one present in all chloroplast haplotypes.

Key words

Boechera - Brassicaceae - chloroplast DNA - evolution - molecular recombination - phylogeny - pseudogene - transposable elements

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C. Dobeš

Heidelberg Institute of Plant Science
Department of Biodiversity and Plant Systematics
Heidelberg University

69120 Heidelberg

Germany

Email: cdobes@hip.uni-hd.de

Editor: F. Salamini

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