Subscribe to RSS
Please copy the URL and add it into your RSS Feed Reader.
https://www.thieme-connect.de/rss/thieme/en/10.1055-s-00035024.xml
Thromb Haemost 1995; 74(01): 007-017
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1642646
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1642646
Special Colloquium
The Tissue Factor Pathway: How It Has Become a “Prima Ballerina”
Samuel I Rapaport
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
,
L Vijaya Mohan Rao
Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Health Center, Tyler, TX, USA
› Author Affiliations
Further Information
Publication History
Publication Date:
09 July 2018 (online)
-
References
- 1 Morawitz P. Die chemie der Blutgerinmmg. Ergeb Physiol 1905; 4: 307-314
- 2 Morawitz P. Translated by Hartmann RC, Guenther PF. The Chemistry of Blood Coagulation. C.C. Thomas Springfield; MA: 1958: 194
- 3 Drake TA, Morrissey JH, Edgington TS. Selective cellular expression of tissue factor in human tissues: Implications for disorders of hemostasis and thrombosis. Am J Path 1989; 134: 1087-1097
- 4 Fleck RA, Rao LVM, Rapaport SI, Varki N. Localization of human tissue factor antigen by immunostaining with monospecific, polyclonal anti-human tissue factor antibody. Thromb Res 1990; 59: 421-437
- 5 Eddleston M, De La Torre JC, Oldstone MB, Loskutoff DJ, Edgington TS, Mackman N. Astrocytes are the primary source of tissue factor in the murine central nervous system. J Clin Invest 1993; 92: 349-358
- 6 Ratnoff OD, Colopy JE. A familial hemorrhagic trait associated with deficiency of a clot-promoting factor of plasma. J Clin Invest 1955; 34: 602-613
- 7 Waaler BA. Simultaneous contribution to the formation of thrombin by the intrinsic and extrinsic blood clotting systems. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1957; 9: 322-330
- 8 Quick AJ, Stanley-Brown M, Bancroft FW. A study of the coagulation defect in hemophilia and jaundice. Am J Med Sci 1935; 190: 501-511
- 9 Hicks ND. A coagulation disorder due to a factor VII-like defect. Med J Aust 1955; 42: 331-335
- 10 Ackroyd JF. The function of factor VII. Br J Haematol 1956; 2: 397-411
- 11 Telfer TP, Denson KW, Wright DR. A “new” coagulation defect. Br J Haematol 1956; 2: 308-316
- 12 Hougie C, Barrow EM, Graham JB. Stuart clotting defect. I. Segregation of an hereditary state from the heterogeneous group heretofore called “stable factor” (SPCA, proconvertin, factor VII) deficiency. J Clin Invest 1957; 36: 485-496
- 13 MacFarlane RG. An enzyme cascade in the blood clotting mechanism, and its function as a biochemical amplifier. Nature 1964; 202: 498-499
- 14 Davie EW, Ratnoff OD. Waterfall sequence for intrinsic blood clotting. Science 1964; 145: 1310-1312
- 15 Hougie C, Denson KW, Biggs R. A study of the reaction product of factor VIII and factor DC. Thromb Diath Haemorrh 1967; 18: 211-222
- 16 Hemker HC, Kahn MJ. Reaction sequence of blood coagulation. Nature 1967; 215: 1201-1202
- 17 Barton PG. Sequence theories of blood coagulation re-evaluated with reference to lipid-protein interactions. Nature 1967; 215: 1508-1509
- 18 Østerud B, Rapaport SI. Synthesis of intrinsic factor X activator. Inhibition of the function of formed activator by antibodies to factor VIII and factor IX. Biochem 1970; 9: 1854-1861
- 19 Ratnoff OD, Margolius A. Hageman factor and Hageman trait. In: Hemophilia and hemophiliod diseases. Brinkhous KM. ed. Univ. North Carolina Press; Chapel Hill: 1957: 12
- 20 Rosenthal RL, Dreskin OH, Rosenthal N. Plasma thromboplastin antecedent (PTA) deficiency: clinical, coagulation, therapeutic and hereditary aspects of a new hemophilia-like disease. Blood 1955; 10: 120-131
- 21 Rapaport SI, Proctor RR, Patch MJ, Yettra M. The mode of inheritance of PTA deficiency: evidence for the existence of major PTA deficiency and minor deficiency. Blood 1961; 18: 149-165
- 22 Biggs R, Nossel HL. Tissue extract and the contact reaction of blood coagulation. Thromb Diath Haemorrh 1961; 6: 1-14
- 23 Josso F, Prou-Wartelle O. Interaction of tissue factor and factor VII at the earliest phase of coagulation. Thromb Diath Haemorrh 1965; (Suppl. 17) 35-44
- 24 Rapaport SI, Hjort PF, Patch MJ, Jeremic M. Consumption of serum factors and prothrombin during intravascular clotting in rabbits. Scand J Haematol 1966; 3: 59-75
- 25 Østerad B, Rapaport SI. Activation of factor IX by the reaction product of tissue factor and factor VII: Additional pathway for initiating blood coagulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1977; 74: 5260-5264
- 26 Almus FE, Rao LVM, Rapaport SI. Functional properties of factor VIIa/tissue factor formed with purified tissue factor and with tissue factor expressed on cultured endothelial cells. Thromb Haemostas 1989; 62: 1067-1073
- 27 Komiyama Y, Pedersen AH, Kisiel W. Proteolytic activation of human factors IX and X by recombinant human factor VIIa: Effects of calcium, phospholipids, and tissue factor. Biochem 1990; 29: 9418-9425
- 28 Bom VJJ, van Hinsbergh VWM, Reinalda-Poot HH, Mohanlal RW, Bertina RM. Extrinsic activation of human coagulation factors IX and X on the endothelial surface. Thromb Haemostas 1991; 66: 283-291
- 29 Rao LVM, Robinson T, Hoang AD. Factor VIIa/tissue factor-catalyzed activation of factors IX and X on a cell surface and in suspension: A kinetic study. Thromb Haemostas 1992; 67: 654-659
- 30 Marlar RA, Kleiss AJ, Griffin JH. An alternative extrinsic pathway of human blood coagulation. Blood 1982; 60: 1353-1358
- 31 Stem D, Nawroth P, Handley D, Kisiel W. An endothelial cell-dependent pathway of coagulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1985; 82: 2523-2527
- 32 Lawson JH, Kalafatis M, Stram S, Mann KG. A model for the tissue factor pathway to thrombin. J Biol Chem 1994; 269: 23357-23366
- 33 Schmaier AH, Silverberg M, Kaplan AP, Colman RW. Contact activation and its abnormalities. In: Haemostasis and Thrombosis: Basic Principles and Clinical Practice. Colman RW, Hirsh J, Marder VJ, Salzman EW. eds. J.B. Lippincott; Philadelphia, PA: 1987: 18-38
- 34 Roberts HR, Lefkowitz JB. Inherited disorders of prothrombin conversion. In: Haemostasis and Thrombosis: Basic Principles and Clinical Practice. Colman RW, Hirsh J, Marder VJ, Salzman EW. eds. J.B. Lippincott; Philadelphia, PA: 1994: 200-218
- 35 Rapaport SI, Rao LVM. Initiation and regulation of tissue factor-dependent blood coagulation. Arterioscler Thromb 1992; 12: 1111-1121
- 36 Davie EW, Fujikawa K, Kisiel W. The coagulation cascade: initiation, maintenance, and regulation. Biochem 1991; 30: 10363-10370
- 37 Nemerson Y. The tissue factor pathway of blood coagulation. Semin Hematol 1992; 29: 170-176
- 38 Lindahl AK, Sandset PM, Abildgaard U. The present status of tissue factor pathway inhibitor. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 1992; 3: 439-449
- 39 Broze GJ. The role of tissue factor path way inhibitor in a revised coagulation cascade. Semin Hematol 1992; 29: 159-169
- 40 Carson SD, Brozna JP. The role of tissue factor in the production of thrombin. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 1993; 4: 281-292
- 41 Ruf W, Edgington TS. Structural biology of tissue factor, the initiator of thrombogensis in vivo. FASEB J 1994; 8: 385-390
- 42 Zur M, Radcliffe RD, Oberdick J, Nemerson Y. The Dual role of factor VII in blood coagulation. Initiation and inhibition of a proteolytic system by zymogen. J Biol Chem 1982; 257: 5623-5631
- 43 Rao LVM, Rapaport SI, Bajaj SP. Activation of human factor VII in the initiation of tissue factor-dependent coagulation. Blood 1986; 68: 685-691
- 44 Rao LVM, Rapaport SI. Activation of factor VII bound to tissue factor: A key early step in the tissue factor pathway of blood coagulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1988; 85: 6687-6691
- 45 Williams EB, Krishnaswamy S, Mann KG. Zymogen/enzyme discrimination using peptide chloromethyl ketones. J Biol Chem 1989; 264: 7536-7545
- 46 Wildgoose P, Berkner KL, Kisiel W. Synthesis, purification, and characterization of an Argl52—Glu site-directed mutant of recombinant human blood clotting factor VII. Biochem J 1990; 29: 3413-3420
- 47 Nemerson Y, Repke D. Tissue factor accelerates the activation of coagulation factor VII: the role of a bifunctional coagulation cofactor. Thromb Res 1985; 40: 351
- 48 Bauer KA, Kass BL, Ten Cate H, Hawiger JJ, Rosenberg RD. Factor IX is activated in vivo by the tissue factor mechanism. Blood 1990; 76: 731-736
- 49 Bauer KA, Mannucci PM, Gringeri A, Tradati F, Barzegar S, Kass BL, Ten Cate H, Kestin AS, Brettler DB, Rosenberg RD. Factor IXa-factor VIIIa-cell surface complex does not contribute to the basal activation of the coagulation mechanism in vivo. Blood 1992; 79: 2039-2047
- 50 Miller BC, Hultin MB, Jesty J. Altered factor VII activity in hemophilia. Blood 1985; 65: 845-849
- 51 Wildgoose P, Nemerson Y, Hansen LL, Nielsen FE, Glazer S, Hedner U. Measurement of basal levels of factor VIIa in hemophilia A and B patients. Blood 1992; 80: 25-28
- 52 Morrissey JH, Macik BG, Neuenschwander PF, Comp PC. Quantitation of activated factor VII levels in plasma using a tissue factor mutant selectively deficient in promoting factor VII activation. Blood 1993; 81: 734-744
- 53 Tsuji A, Torres-Rosado A, Arai T, Le Beau MM, Lemons RS, Chou S-H, Kurachi K. Hepsin, a cell membrane-associated protease. Characterization, tissue distribution, and gene localization. J Biol Chem 1991; 266: 16948-16953
- 54 Kazama Y, Hamamoto T, Foster DC, Kisiel W. Hepsin, a putative membrane-associated serine protease, activates human factor VII and initiates a pathway of blood coagulation on the cell surface leading to thrombin. J Biol Chem 1995; 270: 66-72
- 55 Nakagaki T, Foster DC, Berkner KL, Kisiel W. Initiation of the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation: Evidence for the tissue factor dependent autoactivation of human coagulation factor VII. Biochem 1991; 30: 10819-10824
- 56 Yamamoto M, Nakagaki T, Kisiel W. Tissue factor dependent autoactivation of human blood coagulation factor VII. J Biol Chem 1992; 267: 19089-19094
- 57 Neuenschwander PF, Morrissey JH. Deletion of the membrane anchoring region of tissue factor abolishes autoactivation of factor VII but not cofactor function. Analysis of a mutant with a selective deficiency in activity. J Biol Chem 1992; 267: 14477-14482
- 58 Neuenschwander PF, Fiore MM, Morrissey JH. Factor VII autoactivation proceeds via interaction of distinct protease-cofactor and zymogen-cofactor complexes. J Biol Chem 1993; 268: 21489-21492
- 59 Rao LVM, Williams T, Rapaport SI. The inability to obtain evidence for an important role for autoactivation of factor VII bound to tissue factor in tissue factor dependent blood coagulation. Thromb Haemostas. 1995: 73 In press. (Abstract)
- 60 Higashi S, Nishimura H, Fujii S, Takada K, Iwanaga S. Tissue factor potentiates the factor VIIa-catalyzed hydrolysis of an ester substrate. J Biol Chem 1992; 267 (25) 17990-17996
- 61 Pedersen AH, Nordfang O, Norris F, Wiberg FC, Christensen PM, Moeller KB, Meidahl-Pedersen J, Beck TC, Norris K, Hedner U, Kisiel W. Recombinant human extrinsic pathway inhibitor: Production, isolation, and characterization of its inhibitory activity on tissue factor-initiated coagulation reactions. J Biol Chem 1990; 265: 16766-16793
- 62 Lawson JH, Butenas S, Mann KG. The evaluation of complex-dependent alterations in human factor VIIa. J Biol Chem 1992; 267: 4834-4843
- 63 Ruf W, Miles DJ, Rehemtulla A, Edgington TS. Cofactor residues lysine 165 and 166 are critical for protein substrate recognition by the tissue factor-factor VIIa protease. J Biol Chem 1992; 267: 6375-6381
- 64 Ruf W, Schullek JR, Stone MJ, Edgington TS. Mutational mapping of functional residues in tissue factor: identification of factor VII recognition determinants in both structural modules of the predicted cytokine receptor homology domain. Biochem 1994; 33: 1565-1572
- 65 Ruf W. Factor VIIa residue Arg290 is required for efficient activation of the macromolecular substrate factor X. Biochem 1994; 33: 11631-11636
- 66 Chargaff E. Remarks on the role of lipids in blood coagulation. Arch Sci Physiol 1948; 2: 269-271
- 67 Hvatum M, Prydz H. Studies on tissue thromboplastin - Its splitting into two separable parts. Thromb Diath Haemorrh 1969; 21: 217-222
- 68 Ruf W, Rehemtulla A, Morrissey JH, Edgington TS. Phospholipid-independent and -dependent interactions required for tissue factor receptor and cofactor function. J Biol Chem 1991; 266: 2158-2166
- 69 Bach R, Gentry R, Nemerson Y. Factor VII binding to tissue factor in reconstituted phospholipid vesicles: induction of cooperativity by phosphatidylserine. Biochem 1986; 25: 4007-4020
- 70 Le DT, Rapaport SI, Rao LVM. Studies of the mechanism for enhanced cell surface factor VIIa/tissue factor activation of factor X in fibroblast monolayers after their exposure to N-ethylmalemide. Thromb Haemostas 1994; 72: 848-855
- 71 Forman SD, Nemerson Y. Membrane-dependent coagulation reaction is independent of the concentration of phospholipid-bound substrate: fluid phase factor X regulates the extrinsic system. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1986; 83: 4675-4679
- 72 Krishnaswamy S, Field KA, Edgington TS, Morrissey JH, Mann KG. Role of the membrane surface in the activation of human coagulation factor X. J Biol Chem 1992; 267: 26110-26120
- 73 Fiore M, Neuenschwander PF, Morrissey JH. The biochemical basis for the apparent defect of soluble mutant tissue factor in enhancing the proteolytic activities of factor VIIa. J Biol Chem 1994; 269: 143-149
- 74 Rezaie AR, Neuenschwander PF, Morrissey JH, Esmon CT. Analysis of the functions of the first epidermal growth factor-like domain of factor X. J Biol Chem 1993; 268: 8176-8180
- 75 Le DT, Rapaport SI, Rao LVM. Relations between factor VIIa binding and expression of factor VIIa/tissue factor catalytic activity on cell surfaces. J Biol Chem 1992; 267: 15447-15454
- 76 Andree HAM, Contino PB, Repke D, Gentry R, Nemerson Y. Transport rate limited catalysis on macroscopic surfaces: The activation of factor X in a continuous flow enzyme reactor. Biochem 1994; 33: 4368-4374
- 77 Rao LVM, Tait JF, Hoang AD. Binding of annexin V to a human ovarian carcinoma cell line (OC-2008). Contrasting effects on cell surface factor VIIa/tissue factor activity and prothrombinase activity. Thromb Res 1992; 67: 517-531
- 78 Neuenschwander P, Morrissey JH. Roles of the membrane-interactive regions of factor VIIa and tissue factor. J Biol Chem 1994; 269: 8007-8013
- 79 Marciniak E. Factor-Xa inactivation by antithrombin III: evidence for biological stabilization of factor Xa by factor V-phospholipid complex. Br J Haematol 1973; 24: 391-400
- 80 Nesheim ME, Canfield WM, Kisiel W, Mann KG. Studies of the capacity of factor Xa to protect factor Va from inactivation of activated protein C. J Biol Chem 1982; 257: 1271-1281
- 81 Rapaport SI. Inhibition of factor VIIa/tissue factor-induced blood coagulation: with particular emphasis upon a factor Xa-dependent inhibitory mechanism. Blood 1989; 73: 359-365
- 82 Broze Jr GJ, Girard TJ, Novotny WF. Regulation of coagulation by a multivalent Kunitz-type inhibitor. Biochem 1990; 29: 7539-7545
- 83 Shigematsu Y, Miyata T, Higashi S, Miki T, Sadler JE, Iwanaga S. Expression of human soluble tissue factor in yeast and enzymatic properties of its complex with factor VIIa. J Biol Chem 1992; 267: 21329-21337
- 84 Lawson JH, Butenas S, Ribarik N, Mann KG. Complex-dependent inhibition of factor VIIa by antithrombin III and heparin. J Biol Chem 1993; 268: 767-770
- 85 Rao LVM, Rapaport SI, Hoang AD. Binding of factor VIIa to tissue factor permits rapid antithrombin III/heparin inhibition of factor VIIa. Blood 1993; 81: 2600-2607
- 86 Broze Jr GJ, Likert K, Higuchi D. Inhibition of factor VIIa/tissue factor by antithrombin III and tissue factor pathway inhibitor. Blood 1993; 82: 1679-1680
- 87 Sprecher CA, Kisiel W, Mathewes S, Foster DC. Molecular cloning, expression, and partial characterization of a second human tissue-factor-pathway inhibitor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994; 91: 3353-3357
- 88 Key NS, Nelsestuen GL, Slungaard A. Platelet factor 4 (PF4) binds to the gamma-carboxy glutamic acid (GLA) domain of factor X and impairs tissue factor (TF)-mediated coagulation: Possible role as physiologic anticoagulant. Blood 1994; 84: 532 (Abstract)
- 89 Rapaport SI. The extrinsic pathway inhibitor: a regulator of tissue factor-dependent blood coagulation. Thromb Haemostas 1991; 66: 6-15
- 90 Broze Jr GJ, Warren LA, Novotny WF, Higuchi DA, Girard JJ, Miletich JP. The lipoprotein-associated coagulation inhibitor that inhibits the factor VII-tissue factor complex also inhibits factor Xa: insight into its possible mechanism of action. Blood 1988; 71: 335-343
- 91 Wam-Cramer BJ, Rao LVM, Maki SL, Rapaport SI. Modifications of extrinsic pathway inhibitor (EPI) and factor Xa that affect their ability to interact and to inhibit factor VIIa/tissue factor: Evidence for a two-step model of inhibition. Thromb Haemostas 1988; 60: 453-456
- 92 Callander NS, Rao LVM, Nordfang O, Sandset PM, Wam-Cramer B, Rapaport SI. Mechanisms of binding of recombinant extrinsic pathway inhibitor (rEPI) to cultured cell surfaces. Evidence that rEPI can bind to and inhibit factor VIIa-tissue factor complexes in the absence of factor Xa. J Biol Chem 1992; 267: 876-882
- 93 Nordfang O, Bjoum SE, Valentin S, Nielsen LS, Wildgoose P, Beck TC, Hedner U. The C-terminus of tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is essential to its anticoagulant activity. Biochem 1991; 30: 10371-10376
- 94 Wesselschmidt R, Likert K, Girard T, Wun TC, Broze Jr GJ. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor: the carboxy-terminus is required for optimal inhibition of factor Xa. Blood 1992; 79: 2004-2010
- 95 Lindhout T, Willems G, Blezer R, Hemker HC. Kinetics of the inhibition of human factor Xa by full-length and truncated recombinant tissue factor pathway inhibitor. Biochem J 1994; 297: 131-136
- 96 Wesselschmidt R, Likert K, Huang Z, MacPhail L, Broze Jr GJ. Structural requirements for tissue factor pathway inhibitor interactions with factor Xa and heparin. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 1993; 4: 661-669
- 97 Hamamoto T, Yamamoto M, Nordfang O, Petersen JGL, Foster DC, Kisiel W. Inhibitory properties of full-length and truncated recombinant tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI). Evidence that the third kunitz-type domain of TFPI is not essential for the inhibition of factor VIIa-tissue factor complexes on cell surfaces. J Biol Chem 1993; 268: 8704-8710
- 98 Valentin S, Nordfang O, Lindhout T. Comparison of different TFPI forms during flow with respect to inhibitory properties and stability of TFPI/FXa/FVIIa/TF complex. Haemostasis 1994; 24: 254a
- 99 Broze Jr GJ, Lange GW, Duffin KL, Mac Phail L. Heterogeneity of plasma tissue factor pathway inhibitor. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 1994; 5: 551-559
- 100 Sandset PM, Abildgaard U, Larsen ML. Heparin induces release of extrinsic coagulation pathway inhibitor (EPI). Thromb Res 1988; 50: 803-813
- 101 Novotny WF, Brown SG, Miletich JP, Rader DJ, Broze Jr GJ. Plasma antigen levels of the lipoprotein-associated coagulation inhibitor in patient samples. Blood 1991; 78: 387-393
- 102 Palmier MO, Hall LJ, Reisch CM, Baldwin MK, Wilson AGE, Wun T-Z. Clearance of recombinant tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) in rabbits. Thromb Haemostas 1992; 68: 33-36
- 103 Bregengard C, Nordfang O, Ostergaard P, Petersen JG, Meyn G, Diness V, Svendsen O, Hedner U. Pharmacokinetics of full length and two-domain tissue factor pathway inhibitor in combination with heparin in rabbits. Thromb Haemostas 1993; 70: 454-457
- 104 Bauer KA, Kass BL, Ten Cate H, Bednarek MA, Hawiger JJ, Rosenberg RD. Detection of factor X activation in humans. Blood 1989; 74: 2007-2015
- 105 Warshawsky I, Broze Jr GJ, Schwartz AL. The low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein mediates the cellular degradation of tissue factor pathway inhibitor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994; 91: 6664-6668
- 106 Rao LVM, Nordfang O, Hoang AD, Pendurthi UR. Mechanism of antithrombin III inhibition of VIIa/tissue factor activity on cell surfaces. Comparison with tissue factor pathway inhibitor/factor Xa induced inhibition of factor VIIa/tissue factor activity. Blood 1995; 85: 121-129
- 107 Sandset PM, Warn-Cramer BJ, Rao LVM, Maki SL, Rapaport SI. Depletion of extrinsic pathway inhibitor (EPI) sensitizes rabbits to disseminated intravascular coagulation induced with tissue factor: Evidence supporting a physiologic role for EPI as a natural anticoagulant. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991; 88: 708-712
- 108 Sandset PM, Wam-Cramer BJ, Maki SL, Rapaport SI. Immunodepletion of extrinsic pathway inhibitor sensitizes rabbits to endotoxin-induced intravascular coagulation and the generalized Shwartzman reaction. Blood 1991; 78: 1496
- 109 Loeliger EA, van der Esch B, Cleton FJ, Booji HL, Mattem MJ. On the metabolism of factor VII. In: Proceedings of the 7th Congress of the European Society of Haematology. London: 1959: 764-772
- 110 Almus FE, Rao LVM, Fleck RA, Rapaport SI. Properties of factor VIIa/tissue factor complexes in an umbilical vein model. Blood 1990; 76: 354-360
- 111 Rapaport SI, Hjort PF, Patch MJ. Further evidence that thrombin-activation of factor VIII is an essential step in intrinsic clotting. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1965; 17 (84) 88-100
- 112 Koedam JA, Hamer RJ, Beeser-Visser NH, Bouma BN, Sixma JJ. The effect of von Willebrand factor on activation of factor VIII by factor Xa. Eur J Biochem 1990; 189: 229-234
- 113 Pieters J, Lindhout T, Hemker HC. In situ-generated thrombin is the only enzyme that effectively activates factor VIII and factor V in thromboplastin-activated plasma. Blood 1989; 74: 1021-1024
- 114 Lenting PJ, Donath MJSH, van Mourik JA, Mertens K. Identification of a binding site for blood coagulation factor IXa on the light chain of human factor VIII. J Biol Chem 1994; 269: 7150-7155
- 115 Fay PF. Factor VIII structure and function. Thromb Haemostas 1993; 70: 63-67
- 116 Devaux PF. Static and dynamic lipid asymmetry in cell membranes. Biochem 1991; 30: 1163-1173
- 117 Gordon SG, Chelladurai M. Non-tissue factor procoagulants in cancer cells. Cancer Metastasis Rev 1992; 11: 267-282
- 118 Falanga A, Gordon SG. Isolation and characterization of cancerprocoagulant: a cysteine proteinase from malignant tissue. Biochem 1985; 24: 5558-5567
- 119 Novotny WF. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor. Semin Thromb Hemost 1994; 20: 101-108
- 120 Warr TA, Rao LVM, Rapaport SI. Human plasma extrinsic pathway inhibitor activity: II. Plasma levels in disseminated intravascular coagulation and hepatocellular disease. Blood 1989; 74: 994-998
- 121 Day KC, Hoffman LC, Palmier MO, Kretzmer KK, Huang MD, Pyla EY, Spokas E, Broze Jr GJ, Warren TG, Wun TC. Recombinant lipoprotein-associated coagulation inhibitor inhibits tissue thromboplastin-induced intravascular coagulation in the rabbit. Blood 1990; 76: 1538-1545
- 122 Bregengard C, Nordfang O, Wildgoose P, Svendsen O, Hedner U, Diness V. The effect of two-domain tissue factor pathway inhibitor on endotoxin-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation in rabbits. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 1993; 4: 699-706
- 123 Creasey AA, Chang ACK, Feigen L, Wun TC, Taylor FB, Hinshaw LB. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor reduces mortality from E. coli septic shock. J Clin Invest 1993; 91: 2850-2860
- 124 Sack GH, Levin J, Bell WR. Trousseau’s syndrome and other manifestations of chronic disseminated coagulopathy in patients with neoplasms: clinical, pathophysiologic, and therapeutic features. Medicine (Baltimore) 1977; 56: 1-37
- 125 Bell WR, Starksen NF, Tong S, Porterfield JK. Trousseau’s syndrome: Devasting coagulopathy in the absence of heparin. Am J Med 1985; 79: 423-430
- 126 Szczepanski M, Bardadin K, Zawadzki J, Pypno W. Procoagulant activity of gastric, colorectal, and renal cancer is factor VII-dependent. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1988; 114: 519-522
- 127 Gonmori H, Maekawa T, Kobayashi N, Tanaka H, Tsukada H, Takada M, Andou K. The role of tissue thromboplastin in the development of DIC accompanying neoplastic diseases. Bibl Haematol 1983; 49: 23-29
- 128 Callander NS, Varki N, Rao LVM. Immunohistochemical identification of tissue factor in solid tumors. Cancer 1992; 70: 1194-1201
- 129 Callander N, Rapaport SI. Trousseau's syndrome. West J Med 1993; 158: 364-371
- 130 Rao LVM. Tissue factor as a tumor procoagulant. Cancer and Metastasis Reviews 1992; 11: 249-266
- 131 Zivelin A, Rao LVM, Rapaport SI. Mechanism of the anticoagulant effect of warfarin as evaluated in rabbits by selective depression of individual procoagulant vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. J Clin Invest 1993; 92: 2131-2140
- 132 Zivelin A, Rao LVM, Rapaport SI. Evidence for an essential role of tissue factor dependent blood coagulation in the pathogenesis of local Shwartzman reaction. Blood Cells, Molecules & Diseases 1995; 21: 9-19
- 133 Broze Jr GJ. Why do hemophiliacs bleed?. Hosp Pract 1995; 27: 71-86
- 134 Erhardsten E, Madsen M, Ezban M, Hedner U, Diness V, Glazer S, Nordfang O. Blocking of tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) shortens the bleeding time in rabbits with antibody induced hemophilia A. Thromb Haemostas 1993; 69: 52 (Abstract)
- 135 Gailani D, Broze Jr GJ. Factor XII-independent activation of factor XI in plasma: Effects of sulfatides on tissue factor-induced coagulation. Blood 1993; 82: 813-819
- 136 von dem Borne PA, Koppelman SJ, Bouma BN, Meijers JCM. Surface independent factor XI activation by thrombin in the presence of high molecular weight kininogen. Thromb Haemostas 1994; 72: 397-402
- 137 Hedner U. Factor VIIa in the treatment of haemophilia. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 1990; 1: 307-317
- 138 Rao LVM, Rapaport SI. Factor VIIa-catalyzed activation of factor X independent of tissue factor: Its possible significance for control of hemophilic bleeding by infused factor VIIa. Blood 1990; 75: 1069-1973
- 139 Hoffman M, Monroe DM, Roberts HR. Human monocytes support factor X activation by factor VIIa, independent of tissue factor: Implications for the therapeutic mechanism of high-dose factor VIIa in hemophilia. Blood 1994; 83: 38-42
- 140 Ten Cate H, Bauer K, Levi M, Edgington TS, Sublett RD, Barzegar S, Kass B, Rosenberg RD. The activation of factor X and prothrombin by recombinant factor VIIa in vivo is mediated by tissue factor. J Clin Invest 1993; 92: 1207-1212
- 141 Sakai T, Lund-Hansen T, Paborsky L, Pedersen AH, Kisiel W. Binding of human factors VII and VIIa to a human bladder carcinoma cell line (J82) implications for the initiation of the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation. J Biol Chem 1989; 264: 9980-9988
- 142 Godal HC, Madsen K, Nissen-Meyer R. Thrombo-embolism in patients with total proconvertin (factor VII) deficiency: A report on two cases. Acta Med Scand 1962; 171: 325-327
- 143 Hall CA, Rapaport SI, Ames SB, Degroot JA. A clinical and family study of hereditary proconvertin (factor VII) deficiency. Am J Med 1964; 37: 172-181
- 144 Greshwin ME, Gude JK. Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in congenital factor VII deficiency. N Engl J Med 1973; 288: 141-142
- 145 Meade TW, Ruddock V, Stirling Y, Chakrabarti R, Miller GJ. Fibrinolytic activity, clotting factors, and long-term incidence of ischaemic heart disease in the Northwick Park heart study. Lancet 1993; 342: 1076-1079
- 146 Heinrich J, Balleisen L, Schulte H, Assmann G, van de Loo J. Fibrinogen and factor VII in the prediction of coronary risk. Arterioscler Thromb 1994; 14: 54-59
- 147 Allien DC, Morrissey JH, Edgington TS. Adhesive receptor Mac-1 coordinates the activation of factor X on stimulated cells of monocytic and myeloid differentiation: An alternative initiation of the coagulation protease cascade. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1988; 85: 7462-7466