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DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1277201
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
FOXP2 und seine Rolle bei der Entstehung von Sprache
FOXP2 and its Role in the Evolution and Development of LanguagePublication History
Publication Date:
21 June 2011 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Die Frage, ob Sprache und ihre Gesetzmäßigkeiten in den Genen gespeichert (nature) ist oder ob diese bis ins Detail interaktiv erworben wird (nurture), hat die Philosophen seit der Antike beschäftigt. In den letzten Jahren rückten aufgrund des Erkenntnisfortschritts von Molekularbiologie und Genomik zunehmend die genetischen Grundlagen des Spracherwerbs in den Mittelpunkt des Interesses. Ausgehend von Untersuchungen an Angehörigen einer britischen Familie mit einer Sprachstörung, konnte 2001 die Rolle von FOXP2 für Sprache und Artikulation postuliert werden. Vergleicht man das FOXP2-Gen des Menschen mit dem von Neandertaler, Schimpanse, Zebrafink, Fledermaus und Maus, so findet man keine bzw. nur sehr geringe Unterschiede. Das zeigt, dass nicht Sequenzunterschiede, sondern komplexe regulatorische Netzwerke und soziale Interaktionen entscheidend für die Entwicklung von menschlicher Sprache waren. Mehrere FOXP2-gesteuerte Gene, deren Varianten im Zusammenhang mit spezifischen Sprachstörungen, Autismus und anderen neurologischen Entwicklungsstörungen beschrieben wurden, sind ein Teil des komplexen Netzwerkes, das die biologischen Voraussetzungen für Sprache bildet.
Abstract
The question of whether language and its laws are stored in genes (nature) or whether they are purchased in detail interactively (nurture), has occupied philosophers since antiquity. Recent advances in our understanding of molecular biology and genomes facilitate research on the genetic basis of language acquisition. Based on findings in a British family with a speech disorder, the role of the FOXP2 protein for language and articulation was postulated in 2001. Comparing the sequence of the human FOXP2 gene with that of Neandertal man, chimpanzee, zebra finch, bat and mouse, no or very little differences were found. This indicates that complex regulatory networks and social interactions were crucial for the development of human language. Variants of several FOXP2-regulated genes are associated with specific language disorders, autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders and are involved in the complex network that forms the biological prerequisites for language.
Schlüsselwörter
nature vs. nurture - Herkunft der Sprache - genetische Grundlagen - FOXP2 - Evolution - Tiermodelle
Key words
nature vs. nurture - origin of language - genetic basis - FOXP2 - evolution - animal models
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Korrespondenzadresse
PD Dr. C. Platzer
IFB „Sepsis und Sepsisfolgen”
Klinikum der Friedrich-Schiller-
Universität Jena
Erlanger Allee 101
07740 Jena
Email: cornelia.platzer@med.uni-jena.de