Synlett 2015; 26(01): 45-50
DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1379497
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© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York

Trifluoromethylation and Pentafluoroethylation of Vinylic Halides with Low-Cost RfH-Derived CuRf (Rf = CF3, C2F5)

Anton Lishchynskyi
Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avinguda Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain   Fax: +34(977)920825   eMail: vgrushin@iciq.es
,
Zahra Mazloomi
Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avinguda Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain   Fax: +34(977)920825   eMail: vgrushin@iciq.es
,
Vladimir V. Grushin*
Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avinguda Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain   Fax: +34(977)920825   eMail: vgrushin@iciq.es
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Publikationsverlauf

Received: 30. September 2014

Accepted: 20. Oktober 2014

Publikationsdatum:
26. November 2014 (online)


Abstract

A variety of vinylic bromides and iodides undergo smooth trifluoromethylation and pentafluoroethylation with RfH-derived CuRf (Rf = CF3, C2F5) to give the corresponding fluoroalkylated olefins. These reactions employing the low-cost CuRf reagents occur in high yield with excellent chemo- and stereoselectivity under mild conditions (23–80 °C). Crystal structures of one trifluoromethyl and one pentafluoroethyl derivative have been determined.

Supporting Information

 
  • References and Notes

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  • 18 (E)-1-chloro-2-(3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl)benzene (2h); Typical ProcedureTo 1-chloro-2-(2-bromovinyl)benzene (1h; 218 mg; 1 mmol), was added under argon at room temperature CuCF3 in DMF (0.38 M; 6.6 mL; 2.5 equiv) containing an extra 0.1 equiv of TREAT HF, and the mixture was stirred for 24 h at 50 °C. Pentane (50 mL), water (50 mL), and aqueous NH3 (33%; 1 mL) were added in air. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was washed with pentane (2 × 20 mL). The combined pentane solutions were washed with brine (2 × 25 mL), dried over MgSO4, filtered, and evaporated (23 °C, 10 mbar). After column chromatography of the residue in pentane and subsequent trap-to-trap distillation, 2h was obtained as a colorless oil (192 mg; 92%). The product contained 1% of the corresponding Z-isomer (GC-MS; 19F NMR). 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz): δ = 7.60 (dq, 3 J H-H = 16.2 Hz, 4 J F-H = 2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.56–7.51 (m, 1H), 7.45–7.40 (m, 1H), 7.36–7.27 (m, 2H), 6.22 (dq, 3 J H-H= 16.1 Hz, 3 J F-H= 6.4 Hz, 1H). 13C NMR (CDCl3, 101 MHz): δ = 134.6, 134.2 (q, 3 J C-F= 6.9 Hz), 131.9, 131.1, 130.3, 127.5, 127.3, 123.4 (q, 1 J C-F= 269.2 Hz), 118.5 (q, 2 J C-F= 34.1 Hz). 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3): δ = –63.7 (dd, 3 J H-F= 6.4 Hz, 4 J H-F = 2.1 Hz, 3F).
  • 19 (E)-2-(3,3,4,4,4-pentafluorobut-1-enyl)naphthalene (3s); Typical ProcedureTo (E)-2-(2-iodovinyl)naphthalene (2.52 g; 9 mmol), was added under argon at room temperature CuC2F5 in DMF (0.7 M; 14.1 mL; 1.1 equiv) containing an extra 0.2 equiv of TREAT HF, and the mixture was stirred for 10 h at 23 °C. Pentane (50 mL), water (100 mL), and aqueous NH3 (33%; 10 mL) were added in air. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was washed with pentane (2 × 25 mL). The combined pentane solutions were washed with brine (2 × 25 mL), dried over MgSO4, filtered, and evaporated. Column chromatography of the residue in pentane produced 3s as a white solid (2.27 g; 93%). 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz): δ = 7.91–7.82 ( m, 4H), 7.62 (dd, 3 J H-H= 8.6 Hz, 4 J H-H = 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.56–7.50 (m, 2H), 7.35 (dq, 3 J H-H= 16.2 Hz, 4 J H-F= 2.3 Hz, 1H), 6.29 (dtq, 3 J H-H = 16.1 Hz, 3 J F-H = 11.7 Hz, 4 J F-H = 0.7 Hz, 1H). 13C NMR (CDCl3, 101 MHz): δ = 139.9 (t, 3 J C-F= 9.2 Hz), 134.2, 133.4, 131.1 (t, 4 J C-F= 1.2 Hz), 129.4 (t, 4 J C-F= 1.2 Hz), 128.9, 128.6, 127.9, 127.4, 127.0, 123.2, 119.3 (qt, 1 J C-F= 285.6 Hz, 2 J C-F= 38.6 Hz), 114.3 (t, 2 J C-F= 23.1 Hz), 113.1 (tq, 1 J C-F= 250.3 Hz, 2 J C-F= 38.5 Hz). 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3): δ = –84.2 (t, 3 J F-F = 2.3 Hz, 3F), –113.6 (ddq, 3 J F-H = 12.1 Hz, 4 J F-H = 3 J F-F = 2.3 Hz, 2F). Anal. Calcd. for C14H9F5: C, 61.8; H, 3.3. Found: C, 61.7; H, 3.3.
  • 20 CCDC-1026478 (2e) and CCDC-1026964 (3s) contain the supplementary crystallographic data for this paper. These data can be obtained free of charge from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre via www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/data_request/cif.
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  • 22 There are also certain advantages of perfluoroalkylation of vinylic halides over other synthetic means to build Rf-substituted olefin molecules.23–32 The Julia–Kocienski,23 Wittig,24 Horner,25a and Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reactions25b,c are stereochemically nonselective, usually furnishing a mixture of Z and E isomers. The trifluoromethylation of alkenyl boron compounds26 requires an additional step as it employs substrates that are made from the corresponding halo olefins. Various X–CF3 addition reactions to alkynes27 are either limited in scope (X = H),27b,f leading to a mixture of stereoisomers, or introduce into the product molecule another substituent X that must be removed if not needed. A rather exotic enzyme-assisted perfluoroalkylation of alkynes with RfI led directly to the desired products, however, only in low yield.27h Direct C–H olefinic trifluoromethylation methods28 employ costly CF3 reagents, require directing groups, and have a limited substrate scope. Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions are limited to only aromatic substrates.29 The decarboxylative vinylic trifluoromethylation of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids leads to trans products which are often contaminated with the corresponding cis-isomer.30 Perfluoroalkylated alkenes have been obtained by Reformatsky- or Grignard-type reactions of fluoroalkyl aldehydes with an organometallic compound and subsequent dehydratation of the formed alcohols.31 This approach leads to the mixtures of isomers and is not particularly high yielding. Perfluoroalkyl aldehyde hemiaminals have been used to prepare perfluoroalkylated olefins,32 but this method is limited to only enolizable carbonyl substrates.
    • 23a Nader BS, Cordova JA, Reese KE, Powell CL. J. Org. Chem. 1994; 59: 2898
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    • 24b Landge SM, Borkin DA, Török B. Lett. Org. Chem. 2009; 6: 439