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DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1611858
Mechanochemically Gated Photoswitching: Expanding the Scope of Polymer Mechanochromism
Financial support from Caltech and the Dow Next Generation Educator Fund is gratefully acknowledged. MEM was supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (NSF, Grant No. DGE-1745301).Publication History
Received: 18 April 2019
Accepted after revision: 17 May 2019
Publication Date:
13 June 2019 (online)
Abstract
Mechanophores are molecules that undergo productive, covalent chemical transformations in response to mechanical force. Over the last decade, a variety of mechanochromic mechanophores have been developed that enable the direct visualization of stress in polymers and polymeric materials through changes in color and chemiluminescence. The recent introduction of mechanochemically gated photoswitching extends the repertoire of polymer mechanochromism by decoupling the mechanical activation from the visible response, enabling the mechanical history of polymers to be recorded and read on-demand using light. Here, we discuss advances in mechanochromic mechanophores and present our design of a cyclopentadiene–maleimide Diels–Alder adduct that undergoes a force-induced retro-[4+2] cycloaddition reaction to reveal a latent diarylethene photoswitch. Following mechanical activation, UV light converts the colorless diarylethene molecule into the colored isomer via a 6π-electrocyclic ring-closing reaction. Mechanically gated photoswitching expands on the fruitful developments in mechanochromic polymers and provides a promising platform for further innovation in materials applications including stress sensing, patterning, and information storage.
1 Introduction to Polymer Mechanochemistry
2 Mechanochromic Reactions for Stress Sensing
3 Regiochemical Effects on Mechanophore Activation
4 Mechanochemically Gated Photoswitching
5 Conclusions
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