Die Frühdiagnostik prämaligner und maligner Schleimhautabschnitte bestimmt die Prognose von Patienten mit Neoplasien des Gastrointestinaltrakts. In der westlichen Welt ist die Rate an entdeckten Frühkarzinomen jedoch auffallend niedrig.
Frühkarzinome und adenomatöse Krebsvorstufen können im Kolorektum mittels endoskopischer Verfahren (Polypektomie, Mukosaresektion) komplett entfernt und somit kurativ therapiert werden. Neben den häufigeren polypösen Karzinom- und Adenomformen gilt es flache und eingesunkene Neoplasien zu erkennen. Ziel jeder Routineendoskopie sollte daher die Detektion und Entfernung von prä- und frühmalignen Veränderungen sein.
Welche Anforderung werden dabei an die moderne Endoskopie gestellt?
Ziel ist diskrete Schleimhautauffälligkeiten zu erkennen und idealerweise eine endoskopische Prädiktion der Gewebeart (neoplastisch versus nicht-neoplastisch) zu erreichen.
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