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DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-865113
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York
Neurobiologische Grundlagen des Schmerzgedächtnisses
The Neurobiological Basis of Pain MemoryPublication History
Publication Date:
04 March 2005 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Entzündungen, Traumata und operative Eingriffe führen regelmäßig zu Sensibilisierungen von Nozizeptoren (periphere Sensibilisierung) und häufig auch von nozizeptiven Nervenzellen im Zentralnervensystem (zentrale Sensibilisierung). Während die periphere Sensibilisierung meist auf die Dauer der peripheren Schädigung begrenzt ist, kann die zentrale Sensibilisierung die primären Schmerzursachen überdauern und dann zur Chronifizierung von Schmerzen beitragen. Neuere Befunde haben eine Reihe von bislang ungelösten Fragen klären können und zum besseren Verständnis der zentralen Ursachen von Schmerzen beigetragen.
Summary
Inflammation, trauma and surgical procedures cause sensitisation of nociceptive nerve endings (peripheral sensitisation). This is often accompanied by sensitisation of neurons in the central nervous system (central sensitisation). Peripheral sensitisation typically ceases when the primary cause for pain disappears. In contrast, central sensitisation may outlast the injury and may than contribute to chronic pain. Latest developments in pain research have shed light on mechanisms of central sensitisation and memory traces for pain.
KeyWords
central sensitization - long-term potentiation - hyperalgesia - spinal cord - pre-emptive analgesia
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Korrespondenzadresse:
Prof. Jürgen Sandkühler
Medizinische Universität Wien
Zentrum für Hirnforschung
Abteilung für Neurophysiologie
Spitalgasse 4
A-1090 Wien, Österreich
Email: juergen.sandkuehler@meduniwien.ac.at