Zusammenfassung
Entzündungen, Traumata und operative Eingriffe führen regelmäßig zu Sensibilisierungen
von Nozizeptoren (periphere Sensibilisierung) und häufig auch von nozizeptiven Nervenzellen
im Zentralnervensystem (zentrale Sensibilisierung). Während die periphere Sensibilisierung
meist auf die Dauer der peripheren Schädigung begrenzt ist, kann die zentrale Sensibilisierung
die primären Schmerzursachen überdauern und dann zur Chronifizierung von Schmerzen
beitragen. Neuere Befunde haben eine Reihe von bislang ungelösten Fragen klären können
und zum besseren Verständnis der zentralen Ursachen von Schmerzen beigetragen.
Summary
Inflammation, trauma and surgical procedures cause sensitisation of nociceptive nerve
endings (peripheral sensitisation). This is often accompanied by sensitisation of
neurons in the central nervous system (central sensitisation). Peripheral sensitisation
typically ceases when the primary cause for pain disappears. In contrast, central
sensitisation may outlast the injury and may than contribute to chronic pain. Latest
developments in pain research have shed light on mechanisms of central sensitisation
and memory traces for pain.
KeyWords
central sensitization - long-term potentiation - hyperalgesia - spinal cord - pre-emptive
analgesia
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Korrespondenzadresse:
Prof. Jürgen Sandkühler
Medizinische Universität Wien
Zentrum für Hirnforschung
Abteilung für Neurophysiologie
Spitalgasse 4
A-1090 Wien, Österreich
eMail: juergen.sandkuehler@meduniwien.ac.at