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Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2019; 47(02): 97-109
DOI: 10.1055/a-0858-4038
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© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Bestimmung der Immunglobulin-G-Versorgung beim neugeborenen Kalb

Determination of the immunoglobulin G supply in the newborn calf
Marian Hampe
Klinik für Geburtshilfe, Gynäkologie und Andrologie der Groß- und Kleintiere der Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen
,
Axel Wehrend
Klinik für Geburtshilfe, Gynäkologie und Andrologie der Groß- und Kleintiere der Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen
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Publication History

22 October 2018

04 January 2019

Publication Date:
18 April 2019 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Eine ausreichende Versorgung mit kolostralen Antikörpern innerhalb der ersten Lebensstunden ist für die Entwicklung und den Gesundheitsstatus junger Kälber entscheidend. Es ist sinnvoll, im Rahmen der Bestandskontrolle und -beratung die Immunglobulinaufnahme beim Einzeltier, insbesondere aber auf Herdenebene zu überprüfen, um eine tierschutzgerechte und wirtschaftliche Kälberaufzucht zu ermöglichen. Aufgrund der aufwendigen laborgebundenen und zum Teil zeitintensiven direkten Messung der aufgenommenen Immunglobuline mittels radialer Immundiffusion (RID) oder ELISA wurde in zahlreichen Studien versucht, indirekte Methoden zu entwickeln, die vor allem kostengünstig und vor Ort verfügbar sein sollen. Diese versuchen, durch korrelierte Messgrößen einen Rückschluss auf die aufgenommene Menge kolostraler Antikörper zu ermöglichen. In zahlreichen Überprüfungen zeigten sich bei den einzelnen Methoden allerdings zum Teil erhebliche Differenzen hinsichtlich Spezifität und Sensitivität im Vergleich mit den direkten Nachweisverfahren. In diesem Artikel werden neben RID und ELISA die Aktivitätsmessung der γ-Glutamyltransferase (GGT), die Bestimmung der Gesamtproteinkonzentration im Serum mittels Refraktometrie sowie des Zinksulfattrübungstests vorgestellt und ihre Vor- und Nachteile in der Anwendung dargelegt. Insbesondere die Refraktometrie und eingeschränkt die Messung der GGT-Aktivität stellen für den Praktiker eine Alternative zur laborgebundenen IgG-Messung dar. Trotz alledem existiert keine ideale Schnellmessmethode, sodass bei den jeweiligen Verfahren Störfaktoren beachtet werden müssen.

Abstract

A sufficient supply of colostral antibodies within the first hours of life is crucial for the development and the health status in young calves. It is rational to examine the immunoglobulin uptake of single animals, but particularly on a herd basis, during herd controls and consultations. This enables economical calf rearing in accordance with animal welfare. Because of the costly, laboratory-dependent and in part time-consuming direct measurement of the absorbed immunoglobulins using radial immunodiffusion (RID) or ELISA, multiple studies attempted to develop indirect methods, which would be affordable and operational in the field. These aim to draw an inference for the absorbed quantity of colostral antibodies based on other correlated parameters. Multiple validations showed in part significant differences between various methods concerning specificity and sensitivity in comparison to the direct methods. In addition to RID and ELISA, this article presents the measurement of the γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity, the determination of the total serum protein concentration using refractometry and the zinc sulphate turbidity test, and describes the advantages and disadvantages of their application. Refractory measurement and determination of the GGT activity represent a valuable alternative to a laboratory-dependent immunoglobulin G measurement. Nevertheless, there is no ideal rapid test method, such that several influencing factors have to be considered.

Schlüsselwörter

Kolostrum - Rind - Neonat - mangelhafte Resorption

Key words

Colostrum - cattle - neonatal calf - failure of passive transfer
 

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