Zusammenfassung
Exogen bedingte Retinopathien werden am häufigsten durch externe Stimulanzien, seltener durch unerwünschte Arzneimittelwirkungen systemisch oder intravitreal eingesetzter Medikamente und
noch seltener durch Impfungen oder die Einwirkung von Lichtstrahlung verursacht. Die Kenntnis exogener Ursachen und ihre mögliche Symptomatik ist zur Prophylaxe oder zur Früherkennung
schädigender Wirkungen und zur adäquaten Beratung der Patienten wichtig.
Abstract
Exogenously induced retinopathies can be caused by consumation of stimulating substances, systemic or ocular medications, vaccinations, light or irradiation. Some of the effects are
transient, whereas other effects induce irreversible toxic reactions. Retinal damage may develop either acutely with obvious relation to the damaging cause, but often may take a long
duration of repeated use of a substance or medication. External stimulants (e.g. nicotine, alcohol, poppers, methanol) are the most frequent cause of exogenously induced retinal damage. Side
effects from systemic drugs (e.g. hydroxychloroquine, ethambutol, MEK-, ERK-, FLT3-, checkpoint inhibitors, didanosin, pentosanpolysulfat sodium) or intravitreally applied drugs (e.g.
antibiotics, VEGF-inhibitors) are less frequent. Ocular side effects associated with vaccinations are rare. Ambient light sources induce no damaging effects on the retina. Incorrect use of
technical or medical light sources (e.g. laser pointers) without adherence to safety recommendations or unshielded observation of the sun might induce permanent retinal damage. Local or
external irradiation might induce retinal vascular damage resulting in radiation retinopathy.
Schlüsselwörter
Retina - Toxizität - unerwünschte Arzneimittelwirkungen - Impfungen - Lichtschaden
Key words
retina - toxicity - medical side effects - vaccinations - light damage
