Advances in the Iron-Catalyzed Direct Functionalizations of ­Heterocycles

Chandini Pradhan; Benudhar Punji

doi:10.1055/a-1890-8503

Synlett, Table of Contents

Synlett 2023; 34(07): 683-697
DOI: 10.1055/a-1890-8503

synpacts

Chemical Synthesis and Catalysis in India

Advances in the Iron-Catalyzed Direct Functionalizations of Heterocycles

Chandini Pradhan

^aOrganometallic Synthesis and Catalysis Lab, Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR–National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR–NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune - 411 008, India

^bAcademy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad - 201002, India

,

Benudhar Punji ∗

^aOrganometallic Synthesis and Catalysis Lab, Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR–National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR–NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune - 411 008, India

^bAcademy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad - 201002, India

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

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Abstract

Direct functionalization of heterocycles is an advanced strategy for diversifying privileged and biorelevant heterocycle-containing molecules. Particularly, use of the most abundant transition metal, iron, as a catalyst makes this process highly cost-effective and sustainable. Recently, some progress has been realized towards the direct functionalization of heterocycles under iron catalysis. Herein, we present the developments in the C–H bond functionalizations and related reactions of various heterocycles by abundant iron salts. This Synpacts is categorized into different sections based on heterocycles being functionalized, and each section is discussed based on the type of reaction catalyzed by iron.

1 Introduction

2 Functionalization of Indoles

2.1 Alkylation

2.2 Alkenylation

2.3 Other Reactions

3 Oxindoles and Isatins

3.1 C–C Bond Formation

3.2 C–Heteroatom Bond Formation

4 Pyridines and Furans

5 Functionalization of Azoles

6 Summary and Outlook

Key words

alkylation - azoles - C–H functionalization - heterocycles - indoles - iron - mechanism

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References

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Advances in the Iron-Catalyzed Direct Functionalizations of ­Heterocycles

Advances in the Iron-Catalyzed Direct Functionalizations of Heterocycles