Reduktion von diabetesbezogenem Distress bei Typ-1- und Typ-2-Diabetes durch eine kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutische Gruppenintervention

Zusammenfassung

Das Stresserleben durch die Erkrankung Diabetes mellitus stellt für einen Großteil der betroffenen Personen oft eine deutliche Belastung dar, die sich negativ auf das Diabetes-Selbstmanagement und damit auf die Gesundheit der Betroffenen auswirken kann. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war die Evaluation einer diabetesspezifischen kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutischen Gruppentherapie zur Reduktion des Stresserlebens, bestehend aus sechs Sitzungen für Personen mit Typ-1- oder Typ-2-Diabetes. Vermittelt wurden Techniken zur Stressbewältigung, wie Achtsamkeit und Entspannungsübungen, sowie kognitive Techniken, die auf den Alltag mit der Diabeteserkrankung und damit verbundene Gedanken und Emotionen der Teilnehmenden bezogen waren. Von 52 Personen (51,9% mit Typ-1-Diabetes, 61,5% weiblich, Alter MW= 50,4 Jahre) lagen nach Studienteilnahme Fragebögen vor. Eine signifikante Verbesserung konnte im Problem Areas In Diabetes Questionnaire (Δ6.24 [95%-KI: 1.85–10.62], p=.006), dem Perceived Stress Survey (Δ2.93 [95%-KI: 1.59–4.26], p=.000) und der Diabetes Acceptance Scale (Δ5.5 [95%-KI: 9.07–1.93], p=.003) erreicht werden. Diese erwies sich auch im Follow-Up nach sechs Monaten als stabil. Der selbstberichtete HbA1c-Wert reduzierte sich im Befragungszeitraum bei der Teilstichprobe von N= 40, von der die Daten verfügbar waren, ebenfalls signifikant (Δ0.73 [95%-KI: 0.015–1.452], p=.046). Das Gruppentherapieprogramm zur Stressreduktion kann als eine niedrigschwellige, psychotherapeutische Interventionen zur Reduktion diabetesbezogener Belastungen angesehen werden. Es könnte ein hilfreiches primär- und sekundärpräventives Angebot für stressbelastete Menschen mit Diabetes in der Standardversorgung darstellen.

Abstract

Diabetes-related distress is often a significant burden for many people with diabetes mellitus and can have a negative impact on diabetes self-management and health. The aim of the present study was to evaluate a diabetes-specific cognitive-behavioral group therapy to reduce stress, consisting of six sessions for individuals with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Stress management strategies such as mindfulness and relaxation techniques were taught, as well as cognitive strategies related to participants' daily lives with diabetes, thoughts and emotions. Questionnaires were available from 52 individuals (51.9% with type 1 diabetes, 61.5% female, age MW= 50.4 years) after study participation. A significant improvement was found in the Problem Areas In Diabetes Questionnaire (Δ6.24 [95% CI: 1.85–10.62], p=.006), the Perceived Stress Survey (Δ2.93 [95% CI: 1.59–4.26], p=.000) and the Diabetes Acceptance Scale (Δ5.5 [95% CI: 9.07–1.93], p=.003). This also proved stable at a six-month follow-up. Self-reported HbA1c also significantly reduced in the subsample of N= 40 from which data were available (Δ0.73 [95% CI: 0.015–1.452], p=.046). The group stress reduction therapy program can be considered a low-threshold, psychotherapeutic intervention for reducing diabetes-related stress. It could be a helpful primary and secondary preventive offer for people with diabetes-related distress in standard care.

Schlüsselwörter

diabetesbezogene Belastung - Diabetes-Distress - kognitive Verhaltenstherapie - Gruppentherapie - Stressbewältigung - diabetes distress - group therapy - cognitive behavioural therapy - stress management - diabetes-related burden

Publication History

Received: 09 March 2022

Accepted after revision: 18 August 2022

Article published online:
28 September 2022

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