Synlett 2024; 35(19): 2201-2206
DOI: 10.1055/a-2239-6965
letter
Isotopic Labeling

Directing Hydrogen Isotope Exchange with Aryl Carboxylic Acids

a   Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, Scotland, UK, G1 1XL
,
a   Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, Scotland, UK, G1 1XL
,
a   Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, Scotland, UK, G1 1XL
,
Jens Atzrodt
b   Sanofi Germany, R&D Operations, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
,
c   Sanofi Germany, R&D, Integrated Drug Discovery, Isotope Chemistry, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
,
a   Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, Scotland, UK, G1 1XL
› Author Affiliations
The work was funded by postgraduate studentship provision from the University of Strathclyde (R.J.M.) and the Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland (M.R.).


Abstract

A highly effective and selective ortho-directed hydrogen isotope exchange process for aryl carboxylic acids has been achieved by using an iridium(I) N-heterocyclic carbene/phosphine complex under mild and neutral conditions. Good levels of deuterium incorporation have been delivered across a wide array of examples, including a number of biologically active drug compounds.

Supporting Information



Publication History

Received: 24 November 2023

Accepted after revision: 05 January 2024

Accepted Manuscript online:
05 January 2024

Article published online:
05 February 2024

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  • References and Notes

  • 5 For a recent review detailing contributions to the field of iridium-catalysed hydrogen isotope exchange, see: Kerr WJ, Knox GJ, Paterson LC. J. Labelled Compd. Radiopharm. 2020; 63: 281
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  • 9 Kerr WJ, Mudd RJ, Reid M, Atzrodt J, Derdau V. ACS Catal. 2018; 8: 10895
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  • 16 4-Methoxy(2,6-2H2)benzoic Acid (D9a); Typical Procedure Exchange reactions were carried out on a Heidolph Synthesis 1 Liquid 16 device. The device was evacuated and filled with argon, and the water condenser was turned on. A carousel tube was charged with substrate 9a (13.1 mg, 0.086 mmol) and iridium catalyst 6 (7.6 mg, 0.0043 mmol). MTBE (1 mL) was added, rinsing the inner walls of the tube. The tube was then sealed at the screw cap, with the gas inlet left open under argon. The flask was subjected to two cycles of evacuation and refilling of deuterium from a balloon. The gas inlet tube was then closed, creating a sealed atmosphere of deuterium. The carousel shaking motion was initiated (750 rpm) and the temperature was set to 50 ℃. After starting the shaking motion and temperature controller of the device, the timer was started, and a rapid red/orange to clear/yellow colour change was observed. The reaction mixture was stirred for 2 h, then excess deuterium was removed and replaced with air. The solution was then diluted with Et2O (2 mL), basified with 2 M aq NaOH (2 mL), and separated. The aqueous layer was washed with Et2O (2 × 2 mL), acidified to pH 1 with 2 M aq HCl (~3 mL), and extracted with CH2Cl2 (2 × 2 mL). The CH2Cl2 extracts were dried (Na2SO4), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The level of incorporation was determined by 1H NMR spectroscopic analysis, with the integrals of the anticipated labelling positions measured against a peak corresponding to a position where labelling was not expected. The percentage deuteration was calculated by using the following equation: %Deuteration = 100 – [(residual integral/no. of labelling sites) × 100]. D incorporation; Run 1: 89%; Run 2: 90%; Average: 90%. 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO): δ = 12.68 (br s, 1 H, O–H), 7.93–7.84 (m, 2 H, Ar-H), 7.05-6.97 (m, 2 H, Ar-H), 3.81 (s, 3 H, O-CH3 ). Incorporation expected at δ = 7.93–7.84. Determined against integral at δ = 3.81.
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