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Semin Neurol
DOI: 10.1055/a-2538-3300
Review Article

Restless Legs Syndrome: Neurochemistry and Therapy

David Anguizola
1   Instituto Europeo del Sueño, Panamá, Panamá
,
Alba Garcia Aragón
2   Sleep Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
,
Brian Moncada
2   Sleep Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
,
Diego Garcia-Borreguero
2   Sleep Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a complex sensorimotor disorder characterized by disturbances in key neurochemical pathways, including dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and adenosinergic systems. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge on RLS, including its clinical features and diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment (non-pharmacological and pharmacological). We examine the association between RLS and neurological disorders, genetic predispositions, and brain iron deficiency. Emerging therapies targeting glutamate and adenosine receptors, alongside established dopamine agonists and α2δ ligands, offer promising avenues for treatment.

Keywords

neurology - restless legs syndrome - sleep disorders - periodic limb movements


Publication History

Article published online:
11 March 2025

© 2025. Thieme. All rights reserved.

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