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DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1219154
Enantioenriched Acylated Cyanohydrins: Synthesis and Analysis
Publication History
Publication Date:
22 December 2009 (online)
Abstract
The addition of acyl cyanides to prochiral aldehydes catalyzed by a chiral Lewis acid and an achiral Lewis base produces highly enantioenriched O-acylated cyanohydrins. α-Keto esters undergo the same type of addition, although via a different mechanism in which the enantioselectivity originates from a chiral Lewis base. In the presence of a biocatalyst, the minor, undesired enantiomer obtained in the reactions with aldehydes can be selectively hydrolyzed to re-form the starting aldehyde, permitting the reaction to be run in a cyclic manner. The minor-enantiomer recycling results in an essentially enantiopure product. Selective enzymatic hydrolysis is also a key step in high-throughput analysis of conversions and enantiomeric ratios.
1 Introduction
2 Cyanide Sources
3 Enantioselective Acylcyanation of Aldehydes
3.1 Dual Lewis Acid-Lewis Base Activation
3.2 Synthesis of a Herbicide Intermediate
3.3 Mechanistic Aspects
4 Minor-Enantiomer Recycling
5 Enantioselective Addition of Acyl Cyanides to Ketones
5.1 Chiral Lewis Base Catalyzed Addition of Acetyl Cyanide to α-Keto Esters
5.2 Mechanistic Aspects
6 High-Throughput Synthesis and Analysis of O-Acylated Cyanohydrins
6.1 Determination of Enantiomeric Excess
7 Conclusions
Key words
asymmetric catalysis - cyanohydrins - Schiff bases - stereoselective synthesis - titanium
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References
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33Wingstrand, E.; Moberg, C. unpublished results.
48Glufosinate was sold by Bayer CropScience for a value of 237 million euros worldwide in 2007; information from (accessed November 10, 2009).
67In ref. 7f, it is erroneously stated that ‘carefully controlled concentrations and volumes are required for accurate measurements’.