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DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1245833
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Quantitative Contrast-Enhanced Harmonic Endoscopic Ultrasonography for the Discrimination of Solid Pancreatic Masses
Quantitative endoskopische kontrastverstärkte harmonische Sonografie zur Differenzierung solider PankreastumorenPublication History
received: 13.1.2010
accepted: 23.9.2010
Publication Date:
15 November 2010 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Ziel: Die kontrastverstärkte harmonische endoskopische Sonografie (CEH-EUS) zur Beurteilung der Mikrozirkulation und Ausdehnung pankreatischer Tumoren für deren Charakterisierung und Staging ist erst seit Kurzem auf dem Markt und nur wenige Publikationen behandeln dieses Thema. Ziel der Studie war die qualitative und quantitative digitale Bildanalyse pankreatischer Adenokarzinome mittels konventioneller endoskopischer Sonografie (EUS) und mittels CEH-EUS und die Beurteilung, inwieweit die Anwendung von Kontrastmittel das Staging der Adenokarzinome und deren Management beeinflusste. Material und Methoden: Bei 30 prospektiv untersuchten Patienten mit Verdacht auf einen soliden pankreatischen Tumor wurde CEH-EUS mit der jeweils gleichen Dosis Kontrastmittel (SonoVue) und einem niedrigen mechanischen Index (0,3 – 0,4) durchgeführt; darauf folgte die EUS-FNA. Basierend auf EUS-FNA oder nach Operation lagen folgende Histopathologien vor: pankreatisches Adenokarzinom (n = 15), pseudotumorale chronische Pankreatitis (n = 12), neuroendokriner Tumor (n = 1), Gallengangstumor (n = 1), Lymphknotenmetastase eines Magenkarzinoms (n = 1). Die quantitative Analyse basierte auf Histogrammen, die aus den CEH-EUS-Videoaufzeichnungen erstellt wurden. Ergebnisse: CEH-EUS zeigte ein Muster geringer Kontrastierung in 14 Fällen bei Adenokarzinomen und in 10 Fällen chronischer Pankreatitis. Der Index für die Kontrastmittelaufnahme-Ratio war beim Adenokarzinom signifikant niedriger als bei der raumfordernden chronischen Pankreatitis. Bei einem Grenzwert für die Aufnahme-Ratio von 0,17 zur Diagnose von Adenokarzinomen lag die AUC (KI 95 %) bei 0,86 (0,67 – 1,00) mit einer Sensitivität von 80 %, einer Spezifizität von 91,7 %, einem positiv prädiktiven Wert von 92,8 %, und einem negativ prädiktiven Wert von 78 %. Die Größe der pankreatischen Raumforderung wurde mit CEH-EUS signifikant genauer bestimmt, CEH-EUS hatte aber keinen Einfluss auf das Staging der Adenokarzinome. Schlussfolgerung: Die Mehrzahl der pankreatischen Adenokarzinome und chronischen Pankreatitiden zeigte eine geringe Kontrastierung und eine visuelle Diskriminierung zwischen beiden Entitäten war nicht möglich. Dies ist die erste Studie zur quantitativen Beurteilung pankreatischer Raumforderungen mittels CEH-EUS, die zeigen konnte, dass diese Methode nach Kontrastmittelgabe die Differenzierung zwischen benignen und malignen Läsionen unterstützt, aber keinesfalls die EUS-FNA ersetzen kann. Weder Tumorstadium noch therapeutisches Management änderten sich nach CEH-EUS.
Abstract
Purpose: Contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasonography (CEH-EUS) for the assessment of microcirculation and the delineation of pancreatic tumors in order to characterize and stage them has only recently become available for commercial use, and few reports have been published. The purpose of the study was the qualitative and quantitative digital image analysis of pancreatic adenocarcinomas using conventional endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and CEH-EUS and the evaluation of whether contrast medium injection modified adenocarcinoma staging and patient management. Materials and Methods: In each of 30 prospectively examined patients with suspected pancreatic solid lesions, CEH-EUS was performed using the same quantity of the contrast agent SonoVue and a low mechanical index (0.3 – 0.4), followed by EUS-FNA. The histology, based on EUS-FNA or surgery and 9 months of follow-up, was: pancreatic adenocarcinoma (n = 15), pseudotumoral chronic pancreatitis (n = 12), neuroendocrine tumor (n = 1), common bile duct tumor (n = 1), lymph node metastases of gastric cancer (n = 1). The quantitative analysis was based on histograms obtained from each CEH-EUS video recording. Results: CEH-EUS showed a hypoenhanced pattern in 14 cases of adenocarcinoma and in 10 cases of chronic pancreatitis. The index of the contrast uptake ratio was significantly lower in adenocarcinoma than in mass-forming chronic pancreatitis. A cut-off uptake ratio index value of 0.17 for diagnosing adenocarcinoma corresponded to an AUC (CI 95 %) of 0.86 (0.67 – 1.00) with a sensitivity of 80 %, a specificity of 91.7 %, a positive predictive value of 92.8 %, and a negative predictive value of 78 %. The size of the pancreatic mass was assessed significantly more effectively by CEH-EUS but adenocarcinoma staging was not modified. Conclusion: The majority of cases of both pancreatic adenocarcinoma and chronic pancreatitis were hypoenhanced and visual discrimination was not possible. This is the first study about CEH-EUS for the quantitative assessment of uptake after contrast injection which has shown that it can aid differentiation between benign and malignant masses but cannot replace EUS-FNA. Neither tumor stage nor therapeutic management have changed after contrast medium injection during CEH-EUS.
Key words
endoscopic ultrasonography - harmonics, contrast-enhanced - pancreatic tumors - chronic pancreatitis
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Andrada Seicean, M.D. Ph. D.
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