N-Formylsaccharin: A New Formylating Agent

Abstract

N-Formylsaccharin, a very cheap reagent, has been revealed to be an efficient and chemoselective formylating agent of amines.

Key words

formylation - amine - amino alcohol - saccharin

References and Notes

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• 28 Chiyomaru I, Yoshinaga E, and Ito H. inventors; JP  48008500. The preparation of 1 was performed according to: Typical Procedure Formic acid (20 mmol, 2 equiv) and Ac₂O (20 mmol, 2 equiv) were stirred at 60 ˚C for 2 h and saccharin (1.83 g, 10 mmol, 1 equiv) was added in one portion. The reaction mixture was stirred for 5 h at 60 ˚C. Water was added (10 mL), and the white precipitate was filtered to afford pure N-formylsaccharin (1.9 g, 9 mmol, 90%)

29

Typical Procedure for Amines To a suspension of N-formylsaccharin (211 mg, 1 mmol, 1 equiv) in anhyd THF (1 mL) at r.t., the requisite primary or secondary amine was added (1 mmol, 1 equiv). After 15 min at r.t., the reaction mixture was diluted with CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL), and a sat. aq NaHCO₃ solution (10 mL) was added, the layers were separated, and the aqueous layer extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (2 × 10 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to afford pure
N-formylated amines.

30

Typical Procedure for Amino Alcohols To a suspension of N-formylsaccharin (211 mg, 1 mmol,
1 equiv) in anhyd THF (1 mL) at r.t., the requisite amino alcohol was added (1 mmol, 1 equiv). After 15 min at r.t., the reaction mixture was diluted with CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL), (piperidinomethyl)polystyrene (loading: 4 mmol/g, 750 mg) was added, and the reaction mixture was stirred at r.t. After 10 min, the reaction mixture was filtered through Celite^® and concentrated in vacuo to afford pure N-formylated amino alcohols.