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DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1292023
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Effekte unterschiedlicher Ganzkörpervibrationssysteme auf die neuromuskuläre Leistungsfähigkeit und die Körperzusammensetzung postmenopausaler Frauen
Ergebnisse der kontrollierten randomisierten ELVIS-II-StudieEffects of two different types of whole body vibration on neuromuscular performance and body composition in postmenopausal womenResults of the controlled and randomized ELVIS-II-studyPublication History
eingereicht: 22.12.2010
akzeptiert: 25.5.2011
Publication Date:
11 October 2011 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung: Untersucht wurden die Effekte von Ganzkörpervibrationstraining (GKV) mit unterschiedlichen Systemen auf die neuromuskuläre Leistungsfähigkeit und Körperzusammensetzung postmenopausaler Frauen.
Methodik: 108 Frauen zwischen dem 60. und 75. Lebensjahr (65,8 ± 3,5 Jahre) wurden in der „Erlangen Longitudinal Vibration Study II“ (ELVIS-II) in drei Gruppen aufgeteilt: Zwei Trainingsgruppen (je n = 36) führten über ein Jahr ein identisches Programm auf zwei unterschiedlichen Plattensystemen dreimal wöchentlich für jeweils 15 min durch: 1. vertikal vibrierend: 35 Hz, 1,7 mm (VG); 2. seitenalternierend vibrierend: 12,5 Hz, 12 mm (RG). Die Kontrollgruppe (KG: n = 36) absolvierte im selben Zeitraum ein niedrigintensives Gymnastikprogramm. Untersucht wurden Veränderungen der Muskelkraft und -leistung, der Körperzusammensetzung mittels Dual-X-ray-Absorptiometrie (DXA) und des Schmerzniveaus.
Ergebnisse: Zwischen den Vibrationsformen zeigte sich für keinen der oben aufgeführten Parameter ein signifikanter Unterschied. Im Vergleich mit der Kontrollgruppe wiesen beide Trainingsgruppen signifikante Effekte für die Maximalkraft der Beine (VG: 24,4 %; RG: 26,6 %; KG: 6,2 %; p < 0,001) und der Rumpfbeuger (VG: 12,2 %, RG: 11,5 %, KG: -5,5 %, p = 0,01) auf. Keine Zwischengruppenunterschiede konnten für die Parameter der Körperzusammensetzung (fettfreie Masse, appendikuläre Muskelmasse und Fettmasse) nachgewiesen werden. Ferner zeigten sich günstige Effekte bezüglich der Schmerzintensität an den großen Gelenken (p = 0,004); an der LWS war dieser Befund nicht signifikant. In den GKV-Gruppen trat kein Fall von Beschwerden auf, der in einen Zusammenhang mit dem Vibrationstraining gebracht werden konnte.
Folgerung: Unabhängig vom Vibrationssystem belegen die Studienergebnisse, dass GKV eine schonende und zeitsparende Alternative zu klassischen Trainingsinhalten mit dem Fokus auf Kraftsteigerung und Schmerzreduktion sein könnte.
Abstract
Purpose: The effects of different types of whole body vibration (WBV) training on neuromuscular performance and body composition were determined in postmenopausal women.
Methods: In the Erlangen Longitudinal Vibration Study II (ELVIS-II-Study) 108 postmenopausal women between 60 and 75 years of age (average 65.8 ± 3.5 years) were randomly assigned to one of three groups: two WBV training-groups (n = 36 each), each performing an identical program thrice a week for 15 min on two different types of vibration plates for one year: 1. vertical vibrating, 35 Hz, 1.7 mm (VG); 2. rotational vibrating 12.5 Hz, 12 mm (RG). A control group (n = 36) conducted a low intensity gymnastic and relaxation program. Muscular strength and power were assessed, body composition was determined by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and pain intensity was assessed by a questionnaire.
Results: Maximum leg strength (VG: 24.4 %; RG: 26.6 %; KG: 6.2 %; p < 0.001) and maximum trunk flexion strength (VG: 12.2 %; RG: 11.5 %; KG: -5.5 %; p = 0.01) significantly increased in both vibration groups. No changes were found for body composition parameters (lean body mass, appendicular muscle mass, fat mass). Pain intensity in the big joints (p < 0.05) decreased in both vibration groups, in the lumbar spine region this was not significant. There was no difference between vibration types. No vibration-related side effects were observed.
Conclusion: The study results suggest that WBV might be an alternative to classic training contents to increase maximum strength and reduce pain.
Schlüsselwörter
Ganzkörpervibrationstraining - postmenopausale Frauen - Sarkopenie - Kraft - Körperzusammensetzung - Schmerz
Keywords
whole body vibration training - postmenopausal women - sarcopenia - strength - body composition - pain
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Andreas Klarner
Fachklinik
Herzogenaurach
In der Reuth 1
91074 Herzogenaurach
Email: andreas.klarner@fachklinik-herzogenaurach.de