Immuntherapien beim Mammakarzinom – Wie hängen Immunsystem und Krebs zusammen und woran arbeitet die Forschung?

Das Mammakarzinom stellt eine sehr heterogene Erkrankung dar. Zum aktuellen Zeitpunkt fungiert die St. Gallener Konsensusempfehlung der sogenannten intrinsischen Subtypen als Basis zur Erhebung molekular-biologischer prädiktiver und prognostischer Faktoren [1]. Weitere biologische Einflussgrößen, die als prognostische oder prädiktive Faktoren dienen könnten, werden im Rahmen von translationalen Arbeiten untersucht. Hier ist das Ziel, Übertherapien und unnötige Nebenwirkungen zu vermeiden und die Prognose zu verbessern. Neben genetischen Alterationen als Ursache für maligne Zelltransformationen gilt das Tumorstroma als zentrale Einflussgröße für maligne Prozesse und das Ansprechen auf onkologische Therapien. Ein besseres Verständnis über das Zusammenspiel zwischen dem primär gegen den Tumor wirkenden endogenen Immunsystem und bestehenden immunsuppressiven, tumorstimulierenden Mechanismen bietet die Möglichkeit zu neuen Therapieoptionen in der Behandlung des Mammakarzinoms.

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