Subscribe to RSS
Please copy the URL and add it into your RSS Feed Reader.
https://www.thieme-connect.de/rss/thieme/en/10.1055-s-00000051.xml
Semin Plast Surg 2024; 38(04): 290-296
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1795098
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1795098
Review Article
Reconstruction of Small Nasal Defects

Abstract
The nose maintains a central importance in both functional and aesthetic human anatomy. With such importance comes numerous possible defects with equally plentiful techniques available for repair. One of the most common causes for nasal reconstruction is Mohs micrographic surgery to excise basal and squamous cell carcinomas. Generally, these procedures create small defects which can be repaired via skin graft or flaps with possible assistance from biologic agents.
Publication History
Article published online:
17 December 2024
© 2024. Thieme. All rights reserved.
Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USA
-
References
- 1 Sobiesk JL, Munakomi S. Anatomy, head and neck, nasal cavity. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing; 2024. Accessed April 23, 2024 at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544232/
- 2 Geurkink N. Nasal anatomy, physiology, and function. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1983; 72 (02) 123-128
- 3 Andretto Amodeo C. The central role of the nose in the face and the psyche: review of the nose and the psyche. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2007; 31 (04) 406-410
- 4 Leiter U, Keim U, Garbe C. Epidemiology of skin cancer: update 2019. In: Reichrath J. ed. Sunlight, Vitamin D and Skin Cancer. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2020: 123-139
- 5 Mosterd K, Krekels GA, Nieman FH. et al. Surgical excision versus Mohs' micrographic surgery for primary and recurrent basal-cell carcinoma of the face: a prospective randomised controlled trial with 5-years' follow-up. Lancet Oncol 2008; 9 (12) 1149-1156
- 6 Connolly SM, Baker DR, Coldiron BM. et al; Ad Hoc Task Force, Ratings Panel. AAD/ACMS/ASDSA/ASMS 2012 appropriate use criteria for Mohs micrographic surgery: a report of the American Academy of Dermatology, American College of Mohs Surgery, American Society for Dermatologic Surgery Association, and the American Society for Mohs Surgery. J Am Acad Dermatol 2012; 67 (04) 531-550
- 7 Facial Reconstruction After Mohs Surgery. Accessed January 10, 2022 at: https://www.thieme.com/books-main/dermatology/product/4647-facial-reconstruction-after-mohs-surgery
- 8 Manson PN, Hoopes JE, Chambers RG, Jaques DA. Algorithm for nasal reconstruction. Am J Surg 1979; 138 (04) 528-532
- 9 Burget GC, Menick FJ. The subunit principle in nasal reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg 1985; 76 (02) 239-247
- 10 Rohrich RJ, Griffin JR, Ansari M, Beran SJ, Potter JK. Nasal reconstruction–beyond aesthetic subunits: a 15-year review of 1334 cases. Plast Reconstr Surg 2004; 114 (06) 1405-1416 , discussion 1417–1419
- 11 Cerci FB. Usefulness of the subunit principle in nasal reconstruction. An Bras Dermatol 2017; 92 (5, Suppl 1): 159-162
- 12 Woodard CR, Park SS. Reconstruction of nasal defects 1.5 cm or smaller. Arch Facial Plast Surg 2011; 13 (02) 97-102
- 13 Anderson KJ, Henneberg M, Norris RM. Anatomy of the nasal profile. J Anat 2008; 213 (02) 210-216
- 14 Oneal RM, Beil RJ. Surgical anatomy of the nose. Clin Plast Surg 2010; 37 (02) 191-211
- 15 Anatomy, physiology, and general concepts in nasal reconstruction - ClinicalKey. Accessed April 23, 2024 at: https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/playContent/1-s2.0-S1064740610001513
- 16 Veldhuizen IJ, Budo J, Kallen EJJ. et al. A systematic review and overview of flap reconstructive techniques for nasal skin defects. Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med 2021; 23 (06) 476-481
- 17 Visconti MJ, Archibald LK, Shahwan KT. et al. Nasal reconstructive techniques following Mohs surgery or excisions: a systematic review. Arch Dermatol Res 2023; 315 (03) 333-337
- 18 Singh DJ, Bartlett SP. Aesthetic considerations in nasal reconstruction and the role of modified nasal subunits. Plast Reconstr Surg 2003; 111 (02) 639-648 , discussion 649–651
- 19 Thornton JF, Griffin JR, Constantine FC. Nasal reconstruction: an overview and nuances. Semin Plast Surg 2008; 22 (04) 257-268
- 20 Veldhuizen IJ, Brouwer P, Aleisa A. et al. Nasal skin reconstruction: time to rethink the reconstructive ladder?. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2022; 75 (03) 1239-1245
- 21 Wolfswinkel EM, Weathers WM, Cheng D, Thornton JF. Reconstruction of small soft tissue nasal defects. Semin Plast Surg 2013; 27 (02) 110-116
- 22 McCluskey PD, Constantine FC, Thornton JF. Lower third nasal reconstruction: when is skin grafting an appropriate option?. Plast Reconstr Surg 2009; 124 (03) 826-835
- 23 Zitelli JA. The bilobed flap for nasal reconstruction. Arch Dermatol 1989; 125 (07) 957-959
- 24 Halani SH, Ma C, Pierce J, Sanniec K, Thornton JF. Nasal reconstruction after mohs cancer resection: lessons learned from 2553 consecutive cases. Plast Reconstr Surg 2021; 148 (01) 171-182
- 25 Correa BJ, Weathers WM, Wolfswinkel EM, Thornton JF. The forehead flap: the gold standard of nasal soft tissue reconstruction. Semin Plast Surg 2013; 27 (02) 96-103
- 26 Soliman S, Hatef DA, Hollier Jr LHJ, Thornton JF. The rationale for direct linear closure of facial Mohs' defects. Plast Reconstr Surg 2011; 127 (01) 142-149
- 27 Weathers WM, Bhadkamkar M, Wolfswinkel EM, Thornton JF. Full-thickness skin grafting in nasal reconstruction. Semin Plast Surg 2013; 27 (02) 90-95
- 28 Walike JW, Larrabee Jr WF. The ‘note flap’. Arch Otolaryngol 1985; 111 (07) 430-433
- 29 Stigall L, Zitelli J. Reconstructing the nasal tip. Br J Dermatol 2014; 171 (Suppl. 02) 23-28
- 30 Burd A, Wong PSY. One-stage Integra reconstruction in head and neck defects. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2010; 63 (03) 404-409
- 31 Bascone CM, Lin SK, Deitermann A. et al. Reconstructing nasal defects with acellular dermal matrix after mohs micrographic surgery: a 12-year experience. Dermatol Surg 2024; 50 (Suppl. 09) 814-820