Abstract
Under selected conditions, the Zr-catalyzed reaction of EtMgCl with imines produces C,N-dimagnesiated compounds, which can be further trapped with electrophiles. The overall transformation provides a new route to bifunctional or cyclic nitrogen-containing compounds. Particularly, 1-azaspirocyclic γ-lactams, pyrrolidines and azetidines can be obtained in this way.
Key Words
azetidines - Grignard reagents - imines - spiro compounds - zirconium
References
1
Gandon V.
Bertus P.
Szymoniak J.
Eur. J. Org. Chem.
2001,
3677
2
Takahashi T.
Liu Y.
Xi C.
Huo S.
Chem. Commun.
2001,
31
3 For a recent review of Cp2 Zr(alkenes), see: Negishi EI.
Takahashi T.
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn.
1998,
71:
755
4a Ethylmagnesiation of alkenes has been shown to afford variable amounts of the 1,4-carbodimagnesium products, which can be further transformed, see: Lewis DP.
Muller PM.
Whitby RJ.
Jones RVH.
Tetrahedron Lett.
1991,
32:
6797
4b See also: Knight KS.
Wang D.
Waymouth RM.
Ziller J.
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
1994,
116:
1845
4c See also: Lewis DP.
Whitby RJ.
Jones RVH.
Tetrahedron
1995,
51:
4541
5 We have previously demonstrated the feasibility of coupling F with benzaldehyde, see ref.
[1 ]
6 The F :E ratio could easily be established by deuterolysis, see: ref.
[1 ]
7 The use of B(OMe)3 proved to be unsuccessful. BF3 ·OEt2 was early employed for the synthesis of aryl- and alkylboranes from Grignard reagents, see: Gerrard W.
The Organic Chemistry of Boron
Academic Press;
London:
1961.
p.92
1-Azaspirocyclic framework is encountered in a variety of biologically active molecules; for references and recent synthetic work, see:
8a
Ito T.
Yamazaki N.
Kibayashi C.
Synlett
2001,
1506
8b
Fenster MDB.
Patrick BO.
Dake GR.
Org. Lett.
2001,
3:
2109
8c
Göbel A.
Imhof W.
Chem. Commun.
2001,
593
Although azetidines are an important class of heterocyclic compounds, only a few preparation methods are available, see:
9a
Moore JA.
Sellig Ayers R. In
The Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Small Ring Heterocycles
Vol. 42, Part 2:
Hassner A.
John Wiley and Sons;
New York:
1982.
9b
Tilak BD.
Gogte VN.
Heterocycles
1977,
7:
1339
9c
Aben RWM.
Scheeren JW.
J. Org. Chem.
1987,
52:
365
9d
Barluenga J.
Sanz R.
Fañanás FJ.
J. Org. Chem.
1997,
62:
5953
10a
1a : Schnider P.
Koch G.
Pétrôt R.
Wang G.
Bohnen FM.
Krüger C.
Pfaltz A.
Chem. Eur. J.
1997,
3:
887
10b
1b : Knorr R.
Schnegg A.
Lattke E.
Raepple E.
Chem. Ber.
1979,
112:
3490
10c
1c : Vejdelek ZJ.
Protiva M.
Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun.
1971,
36:
1611
10d
1d : Cho BR.
Namgoong SK.
Bartsch RA.
J. Org. Chem.
1986,
51:
1320