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13 For instance, compounds 1b and 4b were
prepared as follows. A solution of methyl 4-methylvalerate (7.48
g, 57.5 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added dropwise to a solution of LDA
(60.3 mmol) in hexane (38.7 mL)/THF (50 mL) at
-78 °C
and the mixture was stirred for 1 h. Then, acrolein (4.61 mL, 68.9
mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at -78 °C
for 2 min. After usual workup, the oil obtained was purified by
medium-pressure column chromatography (Yamazen, Ultra PackTM, 50 × 300
mm, hexane/ethyl acetate = 6:1˜4:1 as
eluent) to afford the less polar syn-racemate 1b (5.03 g, 27.0 mmol, 47% yield)
and the more polar anti-racemate 4b (4.70 g, 25.2 mmol, 44% yield).
Each compound can easily be discriminated by the chemical shifts of
methine protons at 2- and 3-positions in 1H
NMR spectra (CDCl3, 500 MHz) : δ 2.62-2.68
(m, 1 H, CHCOO) and 4.28-4.33
(m, 1 H, CHOH) for 1b,
and δ 2.58-2.63 (m, 1 H, CHCOO)
and 4.14-4.20 (m, 1 H, CHOH)
for 4b. The chemical shifts of the methine
protons at 2- and 3-positions of 1 are
generally observed in the down field compared with those of 4. Additionally, syn-racemates 1 are generally less polar than anti-racemates 4 on
TLC analysis (hexane/ethyl acetate = 5:1˜3:1).
Lipase-catalyzed enantioselective
acylation of 1-alkene-3-ols has been well examined, see:
14a
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15 The quantity of the lipase was not
optimized. The lipase collected was washed with ether, dried in
air for 5 min and stored below 5 °C. The lipase retains
full activity and can be reused at least three times.
16 The enantiomeric
purity of alcohols 3 and 6 were
determined by Chiralcel OD-H (hexane-2-propanol, 230 nm
or 254 nm). Acetates 2 and 5 were
also analyzed by Chiralcel OD-H (hexane/2-propanol, 230
nm or 254 nm) after having been converted to the corresponding alcohols
via methanolysis (K2CO3/MeOH, r.t.,
1 h). Some of them were transformed into known 1,2-amino alcohols
to confirm their absolute configuration. For instance, acetates 2b (96% ee), 3b (90% ee
after resubjection to the lipase-catalyzed transesteri-fication), 5b (>99% ee), and 6b (99% ee) were converted to N-protected
amino alcohols in 58%, 67%, 61%, and
56% overall yields, respectively via sequential alkaline
hydrol-ysis (2 M NaOH/MeOH, r.t., 2 h), Curtius rearrangement (DPPA/Et3N/toluene,
r.t., 4 h and 80 °C, 1 h), N-protection [(Boc)2O/Et3N/cat.
DMAP/THF, r.t., 2 h], and ring opening (0.4 equiv.
of Cs2CO3/MeOH, r.t., 11 h),
[25]
the results being summarized
below (Scheme
[5]
). The optical
rotation values were compared with those of reported in the literatures.
See:
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21a The
attempted alkaline hydrolysis of the corresponding methyl ester
of 10 failed entirely due to the intensive
retro-aldol reaction. Thus we adopted the allyl ester 10 cleanly convertible to the free carboxylic
acid by the palladium-catalyzed hydrogenolysis under a neutral condition.
The compound 10 was prepared according
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Segner J.
Brüntrup G.
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21b A solution of phenylacetic
acid (13.6 g, 100 mmol) in THF (40 mL) was added dropwise to a stirred solution
of LDA (210 mmol) in THF-hexane (140 mL/135 mL)
at 0 °C and the reaction mixture was stirred at 0 °C
for 45 min and at r.t. for 2 h. The solvent was removed under reduced
pressure and the residual viscous material was dried in vacuo at
70 °C for 2 h to give pale yellow solids. The lithium enolate
thus obtained was dispersed in THF (100 mL) and acrolein (8.02 mL,
120 mmol) was added dropwise at 0 °C. After being stirred
at r.t. for 48 h, the solvent was evaporated and ice-cold 3 N HCl
(120 mL) was added to the residue. Extraction with CHCl3 gave
2-phenyl-3-hydroxy-4-pentenoic acid (anti/syn = ca. 10:1) as a viscous
oil (17.4 g) which without purification was esterified with allyl
alcohol (14.9 mL, 220 mmol) in methanol-free CH2Cl2 (150
mL) in the presence of concd H2SO4 (2 mL)
at r.t. for 48 h to give a diastereomeric mixture of allyl esters.
The anti-ester 10 was isolated
in 60% overall yield (Scheme
[6]
)
by medium-pressure column chromatography (SiO2, toluene-EtOAc = 10:1˜5:1).
22 For a review: Tsuji J.
Mandai T.
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24
Wang Z.-M.
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