Zusammenfassung
Die Mehrzahl der Patienten mit primären und sekundären
Lebertumoren ist chirurgisch nicht kurativ therapierbar. Im Rahmen einer
Anwendungsstudie bei inoperablen Tumoren der Leber wird ein neuer
Hochfrequenz-Applikatortyp mit perfundierter Nadelspitze (wet electrode)
untersucht. Methode: Nicht-operable Patienten mit
primären und sekundären Lebertumoren ohne extrahepatische
Tumormanifestation wurden mit Radiofrequenzablation (RFA) mit kontinuierlicher
Flüssigkeitsinstillation behandelt und sonographisch und
computertomographisch nachbeobachtet. Ergebnisse: 20
Patienten (9 männlich, 11 weiblich) mit insgesamt 35 Tumorläsionen
wurden behandelt. 12 Patienten (22 Tumore) wiesen ein HCC und 8 Patienten (13
Tumore) Lebermetastasen verschiedener Primärtumoren (Mamma-Ca,
Kolorektales-CA, Pankreas-CA, Karzinoid) auf. Das Durchschnittsalter lag bei
65,6 Jahren (36-83 Jahre). Die mittlere Tumorgröße betrug
33,5 mm. Insgesamt wurden 59 RFTA-Applikationen (1,7 Behandlungen pro
Tumorläsion) durchgeführt. Die mittlere Applikationsdauer pro Patient
lag bei 16,2 min. Hierbei wurde ein mittlerer
Spülflüssigkeits-Flow von 6,63 ml/min isotoner
Kochsalzlösung infundiert. Alle Patienten erhielten eine
Lokalanästhesie. Bei 33 RFA-Applikationen war eine Analgosedierung
erforderlich (im Mittel 63,8 mg Pethidin und 1,4 mg Midazolam).
Nach 2 von 59 RFA-Applikationen ereignete sich ein transfusionspflichtiger
Hb-Abfall. 6 von 8 der behandelten Metastasen konnten in komplette Remission
(CR) gebracht werden. Bei einer Nachbeobachtungszeit von im Mittel 145 Tagen
trat kein Lokalrezidiv, aber 4 intrahepatische Fernrezidive auf. 14 der 20
behandelten HCCs konnten initial in CR gebracht werden. Nach einer mittleren
Nachbeobachtungszeit von 329 Tagen waren 5 der initial 8 erfolgreich
behandelten Patienten mit HCC noch in CR. In 3 Fällen trat ein
Lokalrezidiv auf. Schlussfolgerung: RFA mit
perfundierten Nadelapplikatoren ist eine sichere, effektive und
preisgünstige Therapie bei Lebertumoren kleiner als 4 cm.
Abstract
Introduction: The majority of patients with
primary and secondary tumours of the liver cannot be treated curatively by
surgery. The treatment of these patients with radio-frequency thermoablation
using perfused needle applicators (wet electrodes) was evaluated in a
feasibility study. Method : Patients with primary and
secondary tumours of the liver and contraindications against surgery or LTX
were included into the feasibility study. RFA was performed percutaneously
under ultrasound guidance. The patients were followed up sonographically and by
computed tomography. Results: 20 patients (9 male, 11
female) with 35 lesions were treated with RFA. 12 patients (22 tumour
locations) suffered from HCC and 8 patients (13 tumour masses) had liver
metastases (colorectal, breast, pancreas, carcinoid). The median age was 65.6
years (36 to 83 years). The median tumour size was 33.5 mm. 59 RFTA
applications (1.7 applications per tumour mass) were performed. The mean
duration of RFTA per patient was 16.2 minutes. During the procedure isotonic
saline was injected at a mean flow rate of 6.63 ml/min. All patients
received local anaesthesia. In 33 sessions an additional analgosedation was
necessary (average dose 63.8 mg Pethidine and 1.4 mg Midazolam).
In 2 cases a reduction of the haemoglobin level, occurred, necessitating a
blood transfusion. Ÿ of the treated metastases could be eradicated
completely. Within a median follow-up of 145 days no intrahepatic local
recurrence but 4 distant metastases occurred. ⅔ of the treated HCC could
initially be brought into complete remission (CR). After a median follow-up of
329 days 5 of the 8 initially successfully treated patients with HCC were still
in complete remission. In 3 cases an intrahepatic local recurrence developped.
Conclusion: RFA with wet electrodes is a safe, effective
and inexpensive treatment for primary and secondary tumours of the liver,
measuring less than 4 cm in diameter.
Schlüsselwörter
RFA - Thermoablation - Radiofrequenz - RF - Lebertumoren - Metastasen - Minimal invasive Theraie
Key words
RFTA - thermoablation - radio-frequency - RF - liver tumour - metastases - minimal invasive therapy
Literatur
1
Ringe B, Pichelmayr R, Wittekind C, Tusch G.
Surgical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: experience
with liver resection and transplantation in 198 patients.
World J Surg.
1991;
15
270-285
2
Noguchi T, Imai T, Mizumoto R.
Preoperative estimation of surgical risk of hepatectomy in
cirrhotic patients.
Hepato-gastroenterol.
1990;
37
165-171
3
Izumi R, Shimizu K, Il T, Yagi M, Matsui O.
Prognostic factors of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients
undergoing hepatic resection.
Gastroenterology.
1994;
106
720-727
4
Buscarini L, Buscarini E, Di Stasi M, Quaretti P, Zangrandi A.
Percutaneous radiofrequency thermal ablation combined with
transcatheter arterial embolization in the treatment of large hepatocellular
carcinoma.
Ultraschall Med.
1999;
20
47-53
5
Holtkamp W, Müller W.
Sonographisch gesteuerte perkutane Hochfrequenzthermotherapie
von Lebertumoren mit perfundierten Nadelapplikatoren.
Z Gastroenterol.
2000;
38
41
6
Desinger K, Stein T, Tschepe J, Müller G.
Investigation on radio-frequency current application in
bipolar technique for interstitial thermotherapy (RF-ITT).
Minimal Invasive Medizin.
1996;
7
92-97
7
Goldberg S N, Hahn P F, Halpern E F, Fogle R M, Gazelle G S.
Radio-frequency tissue ablation: Effect of pharmacologic
modulation of blood flow on coagulation diameter.
Radiology.
1998;
209
761-767
8
Goldberg S N, Gazelle G S, Comton C C, Mueller P R, Tanabe K K.
Treatment of intrahepatic malignancy with radiofrequency
ablation.
Cancer.
2000;
88
2452-2463
9
Haensler J M, Becker D, Müller W, Neureiter D, Hahn E G.
Intracavitäre Hochfrequenzthermotherapie - erste
Anwendungen am Modell der Rinderleber.
Biomed Tech.
1998;
42
387-388
10
Haensler J M, Becker D, Müller W, Neureiter D.
Ultraschallgesteuerte interstitielle
Hochfrequenz-Thermotherapie (HFTT) - In-vitro-Untersuchung an der
Rinderleber.
Ultraschall in Med.
1998;
19
59-63
11
Izzo F, Di Muria A, De Angelis P, Parisi V, Curley S A.
Radiofrequency interstitial tissue ablation to treat primary
and metastatic liver tumors.
J Exp Clin Cancer Res.
1997;
16
330-331
12
Lenconi R, Goletti O, Armillotta A, Moretti M, Cioni D, Donati F. et al .
Radio-frequency thermal ablation of liver metastases with a
cooled-tipp electrode needle: results of a pilot clinical trial.
Eur Radiol.
1998;
8
1205-1211
13
Livraghi T, Goldberg S N, Monti F, Bizzini A, Lazzaroni S, Meloni F. et al .
Saline enhanced radio frequency tissue ablation in the
treatment of liver metastases.
Radiology.
1997;
202
205-210
14
McGahan J P, Browning P D, Brock M, Tesluk H.
Hepatic ablation using radiofrequency electrocautery.
Invest Radiol.
1990;
25
267-270
15
Nakagawa A, Kamyama Y, Matsui Y, Nakagawa M, Araki H, Kasamatsu S. et al .
Selective ablation of porcine and rabbit liver tissue using
radiofrequency: Preclinical study.
Eur Surg Res.
1999;
31
371-379
16
Patterson E J, Scudamore C H.
Radiofrequency ablation of porcine liver in vivo.
Ann Surg.
1998;
227
559-565
17
Pearson A S, Izzo F, Fleming D, Ellis L M, Delrio P, Roh M S. et al .
Intraoperative radiofrequency ablation or cryoablation for
hepatic malignancies.
Am J Surg.
1999;
178
592-599
18
Rossi S, Fornari F, Pathies C, Buscarini L.
Thermal lesions induced by 480 kHz localized current
field in guinea pig and pig liver.
Tumori.
1990;
76
54-57
19
Rossi S, Fornari F, Buscarini L.
Percutaneous ultrasound guided radiofrequency electrocautery
for the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma.
J Intervent Radiol.
1993;
8
97-103
20
Rossi S, Buscarini L, Garbagnati F, Di Stasi M, Quaretti P, Rago M. et al .
Percutaneous treatment of small hepatic tumors by an
expandable RF needle electrode.
AJR.
1998;
170
1-8
21
Solbiati L, Lerace T, Goldberg S N, Sironi S, Livraghi T, Flocca R. et al .
Percutaneous US guided radiofrequency tissue ablation of the
liver metastases: treatment and follow-up in 16 patients.
Radiology.
1997;
202
195-203
22
Trübenbach J, Huppert P E, Pereira L, Ruck P.
Radiofrequenzablation der Leber in vitro:
Effektivitätserhöhung mittels perfundierter Sonden.
Fortschr Röntgenstr.
1997;
167
633-637
23
Van Tuly A, Ghosh B C.
Radiofrequency ablation of metastatic liver tumors.
J Surg Oncol.
2000;
73
234-235
24
Ritzel U, Wietzke-Braun P, Brinck U, Leonhardt U, Ramadori G.
Ultrasound imaging of ND:YAG laser-induced tissue coagulation
in porcine livers.
Ultraschall in Med.
2001;
22
284-288
25
Stroszczynski C, Gretschel S, Gaffke G, Puls R, Kretzschmaz A, Hosten N. et al .
Laser-induzierte Thermotherapie (LITT) bei malignen
Lebertumoren: Einsatz der Sonographie zur Katheterplatzierung und
Prozessbeobachtung.
Ultraschall in Med.
2002;
23
163-167
26
Nordlinger B, Guiguet M, Vaillant J C, Balladur P, Boudjema K, Bachellier P. et al .
Surgical resection of colorectal carcinoma metastases to the
liver.
Cancer.
1996;
1254-1262
27
Stangl R, Altendorf-Hofmann A, Charnley R M, Scheele J.
Factors influencing the natural history of colorectal
metastases.
Lancet.
1994;
343
1405-1410
28
Livraghi T, Goldberg S N, Lazzaroni S, Meloni F, Solbiati L, Gazelle G S.
Small hepatocellular carcinoma: Treatment with
radio-frequency ablation versus ethanol injection.
Radiology.
1999;
210
655-661
29
Francica G, Marone G.
Ultrasound-guided percutaneous treatment of hepatocellular
carcinoma by radiofrequency hyperthermia with a „cooled tip
needle”. A preliminary clinical experience.
Eur J Ultrasound.
2001;
9
145-153
30
Goldberg S N, Solbiati L, Hahn P F, Cosman E, Conrad J E, Fogle R M. et al .
Large-volume tissue ablation with radio frequency by using a
clustered, internally cooled electrode technique: laboratory and clinical
experience in liver metastases.
Radiology.
1998;
209
371-379
31
Vogel T J, Mack M G, Straub R, Eichler K C, Engelmann K, Roggan A. et al .
Percutane interstitielle Thermotherapie maligner
Lebertumoren.
Fortschr Röntgenstr.
2000;
172
12-22
32
Solbiati L, Goldberg S N, Lerace T, Livraghi T, Meloni F, Dellanoce M. et al .
Hepatic metastases : Percutaneous radio-frequency
ablation with cooled tip electrodes.
Radiology.
1997;
205
367-373
33
Vogel T J, Mack M G, Straub R, Roggan A, Felix R.
Magnetic resonance imaging - guided abdominal interventional
radiology: laser-induced thermotherapy of liver metastases.
Endoscopy.
1997;
29
577-583
34
Llovet J M, Bustamante J, Castells A, Vilana R, Azuso M, Sala M. et al .
Natural history of untreated nonsurgical hepatocellular
carcinoma - Rationale for the design and evaluation of therapeutic
trials.
Hepatology.
1999;
29
62-67
35
Curley S A, Izzo F, Ellis L M, Nicolas Vauthey J, Vallone P.
Radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular cancer in 110
patients with cirrhosis.
Ann Surg.
2000;
232
381-391
36
Rossi S, Di Stasi M, Buscarini E, Quaretti P, Garbagnati F, Squassante L. et al .
Percutaneous RF interstitial thermal ablation in the
treatment of hepatic cancer.
Am J Roentgenol.
1996;
167
759-768
37
Solbiati L, Goldberg S N, Lerace T, Dellanoce M, Livraghi T, Gazelle G S.
Radio-frequency ablation of hepatic metastases:
postprocedural assessment with a US microbubble contrast agent - early
experience.
Radiology.
1999;
211
643-649
38
Ilovet J M, Vilana R, Bru C, Bianchi L, Salmeron J M, Boix L, Ganau S, Pages M, Rodges J, Bruix J.
Increased risk of tumor seeding after percutaneous
radiofrequency ablation for single hepatocellular carcinoma.
2001;
33
1124-1129
39
Buscarini L, Buscarini E.
Therapy of HCC-radiofrequency ablation.
Hepatogastroenterology.
2001;
48
15-19
40
Livraghi T, Giorgio A, Marin G, Salmi A, De Sio I, Bolondi L. et al .
Hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis in 746 patients: Long
term results of percutaneous ethanol injection.
Radiology.
1995;
197
101-108
Dr. med. J. Hänsler
Medizinische Klinik I mit Poliklinik
Krankenhausstraße 12 · 91054 Erlangen ·
Phone: 09131/8533434
Fax: 09131/8533445
Email: johannes.haensler@med1.imed.uni-erlangen.de