References
1
Izumi M.
Takagi T.
Shibakami M.
ITE
Lett. Batteries
2002,
3:
707
2a
Glaser C.
Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges.
1869,
2:
422
2b
Glaser C.
Ann.
Chem. Pharm.
1870,
154:
137
2c
Montierth JM.
Demario DR.
Kurth MJ.
Schore NE.
Tetrahedron
1998,
54:
11741 ; this reference describes the polymer-supported
Cadiot-Chodkiewicz coupling of acetylenes to provide unsymmetrical
diynes
2d
Siemsen P.
Livingston R.
Diederich F.
Angew.
Chem. Int. Ed.
2000,
39:
2632 ;
and references therein
3 Commercially available from Novabiochem,
an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany.
4
Introduction of
Propargyl Bromide on Solid-support: Resin 1 (SH:
0.48 mmol/g) (3.00 g, 1.44 mmol) was placed in a polypropylene
tube (Aldrich) fitted with a frit, and washed with DMF. Propargyl
bromide 2 (0.37 mL, 4.32 mmol), DMF (10
mL), and NaH (0.17 g, 4.32 mmol) were then added to the tube, successively.
After the reaction mixture was shaken for 3 d and filtered, the
resin was washed with DMF, DMF-H2O, and MeOH
to give 3.11 g of propargylated resin 3.
5a
Izumi M.
Fukase K.
Kusumoto S.
Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.
2002,
66:
211
5b
Izumi M.
Fukase K.
Kusumoto S.
Synlett
2002,
1409
6
A Typical Procedure
of the Glaser Coupling on Solid-support: The propargylated
resin 3 (300 mg, 0.14 mmol) was placed
in a centrifuging tube, and CuI (156 mg, 0.86 mmol), DMF (3.0 mL),
pyridine (3.0 mL), and 5 (300 mg, 0.86
mmol) were successively added to the tube. The reaction mixture
was then vigorously stirred at r.t. After 24 h, the resin was washed
with DMF, DMF-H2O, and MeOH to give the resin
having monosaccharide 6.
7
A Typical Procedure
of Deprotection of 4,6-Benzylidene and Cleavage of the Chlorotrityl
Group of 6: Compound 6 (300 mg) was
placed in a polypropylene tube fitted with a frit, and washed with
CH2Cl2. Then CH2Cl2 (10
mL), H2O (1.0 mL) and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA, 1.0
mL) were added to the tube, successively. After the reaction mixture
was shaken for 12 h, the residual solution was removed by filtration
and the resin was washed with MeOH and CH2Cl2. The
resulting debenzlidenated resin having monosaccharide was shaken
with a mixture of TFA (5.0 mL) and CH2Cl2 (5.0 mL)
at r.t. for 12 h. After the resin was washed with MeOH (three times),
the organic layer was combined, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue
was purified with preparative silica-gel TLC (CHCl3:
MeOH = 10:1) to give 37.6 mg (82%)
of the desired compound 7 (Table
[1]
, entry 10). Compound 7: ESI-Mass: m/z = 342.19 [M + Na]+.
8
A Procedure for
Iodoalkynylation of Solid-support 3: The propargylated resin 3 (3.00 g, 1.44 mmol) was placed in a polypropylene
tube fitted with a frit, and washed with DMF. Morpholine (2 mL),
DMF (10 mL) and iodine (132 mg, 1.69 mmol) were added to the tube,
successively. The reaction mixture was then shaken for 3 h. After
the mixture was filtered, the resulting resin was washed with DMF
and MeOH to give 3.31 g of 4.
9
A Typical Procedure
of the Cadiot-Chodkiewicz-type Coupling Reaction: The
iodoalkynylated resin 4 (300 mg) was placed
in a polypropylene tube fitted with a frit, and washed with DMF.
CuI (5.5 mg, 0.03 mmol), Pd(PPh3)4 (16.6 mg,
0.01 mmol), DMF (2.5 mL), pyridine (2.5 mL) and 5 (132
mg, 0.43 mmol) were successively added to the tube. The reaction
mixture was then vigorously stirred at r.t. After 24 h, the solution
was removed by filtration and the resin washed with DMF and MeOH.
10 See ref7. Compound 9: 29.0 mg (70%), ESI-Mass: m/z = 311.08 [M + Na]+.
Compound 11: 41.1 mg (78%), ESI-Mass: m/z = 366.11 [M + Na]+.
Compound 13: 27.8 mg (64%), ESI-Mass: m/z = 325.09 [M + Na]+.
11
Preparation of
Gold Nanoparticles 14: To a phosphate buffer solution (3.0
mL, 10.0 mM) containing HAuCl4 (39.3 mg, 0.10 mmol) was
added 7 (32.9 mg, 0.10 mmol) in EtOH (3.0
mL) at 0 °C. The reaction mixture was then vigorously stirred.
After stirring for 1 h, the gold nanoparticles that precipitated
were obtained by centrifugation and then washed with MeOH. Removal
of the residual solvent under reduced pressure afforded 11.5 mg
of 14.
12 We believe that the ATR measurement
is the most powerful and useful technique for the confirmation of
the preparation of the gold nanoparticles that contain monosaccharides.
An absorption band at 3104 cm-1 was
attributed to asymmetric N-H band of the amide group. Bands observed
at 2362 and 2161 cm-1 were attributed
to alkyne. The presence of amine group was confirmed by bands at
1600 and 1425 cm-1 (amide I-amide II). 14: IR: 3743, 3104, 2539, 2362, 2161, 2024,
1972, 1600, 1452, 1070, 755 cm-1.