Abstract
Using a carbenoid rearrangement to introduce the conjugated acetylenic framework, a series of triynols has been synthesized in five steps from 1,4-butynediol. Several of the triyne alcohols are known natural products and others are glycosylated analogues. This route avoids the use of terminal diynes as precursors, which can be unstable and/or difficult to prepare. It is therefore procedurally attractive in comparison to more traditional routes such as the Cadiot-Chodkiewicz and Sonogashira coupling reactions.
Key words
polyacetylenes - polyynes - carbohydrates - Fritsch-Buttenberg-Wiechell reaction - carbenoids - natural products
References 1 The term polyyne is meant to denote compounds with a structural sequence of two or more consecutive (conjugated) acetylene units. The term polyacetylene has been often used in this context as well, but this term can be ambiguous due to its more common use in reference to polymerized acetylene.
Plant and fungal sources:
2a
Chemistry and Biology of Naturally Occurring Acetylenes and Related Compounds (NOARC)
Lam J.
Breteler H.
Arnason T.
Hansen L.
Elsevier;
New York:
1988.
2b
Bohlmann F.
Burkhardt H.
Zdero C.
Naturally Occurring Acetylenes
Academic Press;
New York:
1973.
2c
Christensen LP.
Phytochemistry
1992,
31:
7
2d
Bohlmann F. In
Chemistry of Acetylenes
Chap. 14:
Viehe HG.
Marcel Dekker;
New York:
1969.
p.977-986
2e
Jones ERH.
Thaller V. In The Chemistry of the Carbon-Carbon Triple Bond
Part 2:
Patai S.
John Wiley & Sons;
New York:
1978.
Chap. 14.
p.621-633
2f
Jones ERH.
Thaller V. In
Handbook of Microbiology Microbial Products
Vol. 3:
Laskin AI.
Lechevalier HA.
CRC Press;
Cleveland:
1973.
p.63-74
2g
Jones ERH.
Proc. Chem. Soc., London
1960,
199
From marine sources:
3a
Blunt JW.
Copp BR.
Munro MHG.
Northcote PT.
Prinsep MR.
Nat. Prod. Rep.
2003,
20:
1
3b
Faulkner DJ.
Nat. Prod. Rep.
2002,
19:
1
3c
Faulkner DJ.
Nat. Prod. Rep.
2001,
18:
1
3d
Faulkner DJ.
Nat. Prod. Rep.
2000,
17:
7
4 From the soldier beetle: Meinwald J.
Meinwald YC.
Chalmers AM.
Eisner T.
Science (Washington, D.C.)
1968,
160:
890 ; it should be noted, however, that this compound likely derives from the plants which compose the diet of the beetle, see reference 2e
5
Arnason JT.
Philogene BJR.
Berg C.
MacEachern A.
Kaminski J.
Leitch LC.
Morand P.
Lam J.
Phytochemistry
1986,
25:
1609
For example
6a
Kobaisy M.
Abramowski Z.
Lermer L.
Saxena G.
Hancock REW.
Towers GHN.
Doxsee D.
Stokes RW.
J. Nat. Prod.
1997,
60:
1210
6b
Fusetani N.
Toyoda T.
Asai N.
Matsunaga S.
Maruyama T.
J. Nat. Prod.
1996,
59:
796
7
Rashid MA.
Gustafson KR.
Cardellina JH.
Boyd MR.
Nat. Prod. Lett.
2001,
15:
21
8a
Nakamura Y.
Kawamoto N.
Ohto Y.
Torikai K.
Murakami A.
Ohigashi H.
Cancer Lett.
1999,
140:
37
8b
Ito A.
Cui BL.
Chavez D.
Chai HB.
Shin YG.
Kawanishi K.
Kardono LBS.
Riswan S.
Farnsworth NR.
Cordell GA.
Pezzuto JM.
Kinghorn AD.
J. Nat. Prod.
2001,
64:
246
8c
Ahn B.-Z.
Kim S.-I.
Arch. Pharm. (Weinheim, Ger.)
1988,
321:
61
For leading reviews, see:
9a
Gardner JN.
Jones ERH.
Leeming PR.
Stephenson JS.
J. Chem. Soc.
1960,
691
9b
Sörensen NA.
Proc. Chem. Soc., London
1961,
98
9c
Bohlmann F.
Bornowski H.
Arndt C.
Fortschr. Chem. Forsch.
1962,
4:
138
9d
Bu’Lock JD.
Prog. Org. Chem.
1964,
6:
86
10 For a review of recent polyyne syntheses, see: Shi Shun, A. L. K.; Tykwinski, R. R. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. , in press.
11 For an excellent review of these methods, see: Siemsen P.
Livingston RC.
Diederich F.
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
2000,
39:
2633
For reviews, see:
12a
Stang PJ.
Chem. Rev.
1978,
78:
383
12b
Knorr R.
Chem. Rev.
2004,
104:
3795
13a
Eisler S.
Chahal N.
McDonald R.
Tykwinski RR.
Chem. Eur. J.
2003,
9:
2452
13b
Shi Shun ALK.
Chernick ET.
Eisler S.
Tykwinski RR.
J. Org. Chem.
2003,
68:
1339
13c
Shi Shun ALK.
Tykwinski RR.
J. Org. Chem.
2003,
68:
6810
14 For an excellent summary of natural and synthetic acetylenosaccharides, see: Vasella A. In
Acetylene Chemistry - Chemistry, Biology, and Materials Science
Diederich F.
Stang PJ.
Tykwinski RR.
Wiley-VCH;
Weinheim:
2005.
Chap. 5.
15a
Livingston RC.
Cox LR.
Gramlich V.
Diederich F.
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
2001,
40:
2334
15b
Livingston R.
Cox LR.
Odermatt S.
Diederich F.
Helv. Chim. Acta
2002,
85:
3052
16a
Ramirez F.
Desai NB.
McKelvie N.
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
1962,
84:
1745
16b
Corey EJ.
Fuchs PL.
Tetrahedron Lett.
1972,
3769
16c
Posner GH.
Loomis GL.
Sawaya HS.
Tetrahedron Lett.
1975,
1373
17
Mattes H.
Benezra C.
Tetrahedron Lett.
1987,
28:
1697
18
McIntosh MC.
Weinreb SM.
J. Org. Chem.
1993,
58:
4823
19
Anthony J.
Boldi AM.
Rubin Y.
Hobi M.
Gramlich V.
Knobler CB.
Seiler P.
Diederich F.
Helv. Chim. Acta
1995,
78:
13
20
Hearn MTW.
Jones ERH.
Pellatt MG.
Thaller V.
Turner JL.
J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1
1973,
2785
Compound 21 has been synthesized using the Cadiot-Chodkiewicz protocol, see:
21a
Curtis RF.
Taylor JA.
J. Chem. Soc. C
1971,
186
21b
Chodkiewicz W.
Ann. Chim. (Paris)
1957,
2:
819
22
Bohlmann F.
Bornowski H.
Kleine K.-M.
Chem. Ber.
1964,
97:
2135
23
Bohlmann F.
Arndt C.
Kleine K.-M.
Wotschokowsky M.
Chem. Ber.
1965,
98:
1228
24
Bendixen O.
Lam J.
Kaufmann F.
Phytochemistry
1969,
8:
1021
25 Compound 26 has been synthesized previously using the Cadiot-Chodkiewicz protocol, see: Prévost S.
Meier J.
Chodkiewicz W.
Cadiot P.
Willemart A.
Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr.
1961,
2171 ; compounds 26 and 27 have also been synthesized by Bohlmann, see reference 22
26
Arnason T.
Swain T.
Wat C.-K.
Graham EA.
Parington S.
Towers GHN.
Lam J.
Biochem. Syst. Ecol.
1981,
9:
63
27
Wang NL.
Yao XS.
Ishii R.
Kitanaka S.
Chem. Pharm. Bull.
2001,
49:
938
28
Rucker G.
Kehrbaum S.
Sakulas H.
Lawong B.
Goeltenboth F.
Planta Med.
1992,
58:
266
29
Ubillas RP.
Mendez CD.
Jolad SD.
Luo J.
King SR.
Carlson TJ.
Fort DM.
Planta Med.
2000,
66:
82
30 Kitanaka S, Yang HS, Wang HL, and Ishii R. inventors; Japanese Patent JP 2000-48564. New polyacetylene glycosides from Bidens plants as allergy inhibitors. Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd., Japan:
31
Gung BW.
Fox RM.
Tetrahedron
2004,
60:
9405
32
Hanessian S.
Banoub J.
Methods Carbohydr. Chem.
1980,
8:
243
33a
Bérces A.
Whitfield DM.
Nukuda T.
do Santos ZI.
Obuchowska A.
Krepinsky JJ.
Can. J. Chem.
2004,
82:
1157
33b
Nukuda T.
Bérces A.
Whitfield DM.
J. Org. Chem.
1999,
64:
9030
33c
Ziegler T.
Kovac P.
Glaudemans CPJ.
Liebigs Ann. Chem.
1990,
613 ; and references therein
34
Garegg PJ.
Norberg T.
Acta Chem. Scand., Ser. B
1979,
33:
116
35
Schmidt RR.
Kinzy W.
Adv. Carbohydr. Chem. Biochem.
1994,
50:
21