Abstract
The purpose of this research was to compare changes in circulating levels of total
IGF‐I and IGFBP-3 during continuous, moderate-intensity exercise (CE) and high-intensity
interval exercise (IE) of equal duration. Ten healthy males completed 2 exercise sessions
and a resting control session (R) in random order. The CE was 20 minutes of cycling
at 60 - 65 % of V·O2max. During IE, subjects cycled at 80 - 85 % of V·O2max for 1 minute followed by 40 seconds of active recovery, with the cycle repeated for
a total of 20 minutes. In each session blood samples were drawn at - 10, 0, 5, 10,
20 and 30 minutes. Both IGF‐I and IGFBP-3 increased during exercise (p < 0.05) and
repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant effect for session (IE, CE > R, p <
0.05). Area under the curve (AUC) analyses showed no difference in IGF‐I between sessions,
however, the IGFBP-3 AUC was significantly greater during IE than R (p < 0.05). These
results suggest interval and continuous exercise will result in similar changes in
circulating IGF‐I and IGFBP-3. This could be beneficial to individuals who can exercise
longer and at a higher intensity in intervals than would be possible using a continuous
protocol.
Key words
exercise intensity - insulin‐like growth factor‐I - insulin‐like growth factor binding
protein‐3 - interval exercise - cycling
References
- 1
Adams G R, Haddad F.
The relationships among IGF‐1, DNA content, and protein accumulation during skeletal
muscle hypertrophy.
J Appl Physiol.
1996;
81
2509-2516
- 2
Bang P, Brandt J, Degerblad M, Enberg G, Kaijser L, Thoren M, Hall K.
Exercise-induced changes in insulin-like growth factors and their low molecular weight
binding protein in healthy subjects and patients with growth hormone deficiency.
Eur J Clin Invest.
1990;
20
285-292
- 3
Baumgartner R N, Waters D L, Gallagher D, Morley J E, Garry P J.
Predictors of skeletal muscle mass in elderly men and women.
Mech Ageing Dev.
1999;
107
123-136
- 4
Berg U, Bang P.
Exercise and circulating insulin-like growth factor I.
Horm Res.
2004;
62 (Suppl 1)
50-58
- 5
Bonnefoy M, Kostka T, Patricot M C, Berthouze S E, Mathian B, Lacour J R.
Physical activity and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, insulin-like growth factor
I and testosterone in healthy active elderly people.
Age Ageing.
1998;
27
745-751
- 6
Brahm H, Piehl-Aulin K, Saltin B, Ljunghall S.
Net fluxes over working thigh of hormones, growth factors and biomarkers of bone metabolism
during short lasting dynamic exercise.
Calcif Tissue Int.
1997;
60
175-180
- 7
Cappola A R, Bandeen-Roche K, Wand G S, Volpato S, Fried L P.
Association of IGF‐I levels with muscle strength and mobility in older women.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab.
2001;
86
4139-4146
- 8
Cappon J, Brasel J A, Mohan S, Cooper D M.
Effect of brief exercise on circulating insulin-like growth factor I.
J Appl Physiol.
1994;
76
2490-2496
- 9
Chadan S G, Dill R P, Vanderhoek K, Parkhouse W S.
Influence of physical activity on plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin-like
growth factor binding proteins in healthy older women.
Mech Ageing Dev.
1999;
109
21-34
- 10
Crewther B, Keogh J, Cronin J, Cook C.
Possible stimuli for strength and power adaptation: acute hormonal responses.
Sports Med.
2006;
36
215-238
- 11
Dall R, Lange K H, Kjaer M, Jorgensen J O, Christiansen J S, Orskov H, Flyvbjerg A.
No evidence of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 proteolysis during a maximal
exercise test in elite athletes.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab.
2001;
86
669-674
- 12
Donath M Y, Jenni R, Brunner H P, Anrig M, Kohli S, Glatz Y, Froesch E R.
Cardiovascular and metabolic effects of insulin-like growth factor I at rest and during
exercise in humans.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab.
1996;
81
4089-4094
- 13
Eliakim A, Oh Y, Cooper D M.
Effect of single wrist exercise on fibroblast growth factor-2, insulin-like growth
factor, and growth hormone.
Am J Physiol.
2000;
279
R548-R553
- 14
Friedenreich C M, Orenstein M R.
Physical activity and cancer prevention: etiologic evidence and biological mechanisms.
J Nutr.
2002;
132
3456S-3464S
- 15
Frystyk J, Nyholm B, Skjaerbaek C, Baxter R C, Schmitz O, Orskov H.
The circulating IGF system and its relationship with 24-h glucose regulation and insulin
sensitivity in healthy subjects.
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf).
2003;
58
777-784
- 16
Goldspink G, Harridge S D.
Growth factors and muscle ageing.
Exp Gerontol.
2004;
39
1433-1438
- 17
Hornum M, Cooper D M, Brasel J A, Bueno A, Sietsema K E.
Exercise-induced changes in circulating growth factors with cyclic variation in plasma
estradiol in women.
J Appl Physiol.
1997;
82
1946-1951
- 18
Jackson A, Pollock M.
Practical assessment of body composition.
Phys Sportsmed.
1985;
13
76-90
- 19
Jenkins P J, Bustin S A.
Evidence for a link between IGF‐I and cancer.
Eur J Endocrinol.
2004;
151 (Suppl 1)
S17-S22
- 20
Jones J I, Clemmons D R.
Insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins: biological actions.
Endocr Rev.
1995;
16
3-34
- 21
Kostka T, Arsac L M, Patricot M C, Berthouze S E, Lacour J R, Bonnefoy M.
Leg extensor power and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, insulin-like growth factor-I
and testosterone in healthy active elderly people.
Eur J Appl Physiol.
2000;
82
83-90
- 22
Kraemer W J, Volek J S, Bush J A, Putukian M, Sebastianelli W J.
Hormonal responses to consecutive days of heavy-resistance exercise with or without
nutritional supplementation.
J Appl Physiol.
1998;
85
1544-1555
- 23
Kunitomi M, Wada J, Takahashi K, Tsuchiyama Y, Mimura Y, Hida K, Miyatake N, Fujii M,
Kira S, Shikata K, Maknio H.
Relationship between reduced serum IGF‐I levels and accumulation of visceral fat in
Japanese men.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord.
2002;
26
361-369
- 24
Lundvall J, Lindgren P.
F-cell shift and protein loss strongly affect validity of PV reductions indicated
by Hb/Hct and plasma proteins.
J Appl Physiol.
1998;
84
822-829
- 25
Mohan S, Baylink D J, Pettis J L.
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding proteins in serum - do they have additional
roles besides modulating the endocrine IGF actions?.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab.
1996;
81
3817-3820
- 26
Nguyen U N, Mougin F, Simon-Rigaud M L, Rouillon J D, Marguet P, Regnard J.
Influence of exercise duration on serum insulin-like growth factor and its binding
proteins in athletes.
Eur J Appl Physiol.
1998;
78
533-537
- 27
Nindl B C, Kraemer W J, Marx J O, Arciero P J, Dohi K, Kellogg M D, Loomis G A.
Overnight responses of the circulating IGF‐I system after acute, heavy-resistance
exercise.
J Appl Physiol.
2001;
90
1319-1326
- 28
Pruessner J C, Kirschbaum C, Meinlschmid G, Hellhammer D H.
Two formulas for computation of the area under the curve represent measures of total
hormone concentration versus time-dependent change.
Psychoneuroendocrinology.
2003;
28
916-931
- 29
Rosen C J.
Insulin-like growth factor I and bone mineral density: experience from animal models
and human observational studies.
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab.
2004;
18
423-435
- 30
Rosendal L, Langberg H, Flyvbjerg A, Frystyk J, Orskov H, Kjaer M.
Physical capacity influences the response of insulin-like growth factor and its binding
proteins to training.
J Appl Physiol.
2002;
93
1669-1675
- 31
Schwarz A J, Brasel J A, Hintz R L, Mohan S, Cooper D M.
Acute effect of brief low- and high-intensity exercise on circulating insulin-like
growth factor (IGF) I, II, and IGF-binding protein-3 and its proteolysis in young
healthy men.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab.
1996;
81
3492-3497
- 32
Thissen J P, Ketelslegers J M, Underwood L E.
Nutritional regulation of the insulin-like growth factors.
Endocr Rev.
1994;
15
80-101
- 33
Tissandier O, Peres G, Fiet J, Piette F.
Testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, insulin-like growth factor 1, and insulin in
sedentary and physically trained aged men.
Eur J Appl Physiol.
2001;
85
177-184
- 34
Van Beaumont W.
Evaluation of hemoconcentration from hematocrit measurements.
J Appl Physiol.
1972;
32
712-713
Dr. Jennifer L. Copeland
Department of Kinesiology
University of Lethbridge
4401 University Drive
T1K 3M4 Lethbridge
Canada
Phone: + 1 40 33 17 28 04
Fax: + 1 40 33 80 18 39
Email: jennifer.copeland@uleth.ca
