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DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1027325
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
3D Cross Sectional View to Investigate the Morphology of Internal Carotid Artery Plaques. Is 3D Ultrasound Superior to 2D Ultrasound?
3D-Schnittbilder zur Darstellung der Plaquemorphologie der Arteria carotis internaPublication History
received: 25.7.2007
accepted: 29.2.2008
Publication Date:
15 May 2008 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Ziel: Die Kenntnis der Plaquemorphologie der Arteria carotis interna spielt zunehmend eine wesentliche Rolle zur Evaluation der Patienten vor Interventionen, da in früheren Studien gezeigt werden konnte, dass Plaques mit einem niedrigen Grauwert eine höhere Komplikationsrate mit sich bringen. Eine immer wieder angegebene Limitation der Ultraschalldiagnostik ist eine lediglich zweidimensionale Darstellung in einer Schallebene, welche zur Berechnung des medianen Grauwertes herangezogen wird. Material und Methoden: An 24 Thrombendarteriektomie-Präparaten von 19 Patienten wurden anhand von 3D-Datensätzen insgesamt 71 Schnitte untersucht. Die Ultraschalldatensätze wurden mit einem 10-MHz-Schallkopf im 3D-Modus unter Zuhilfenahme einer speziellen Messkammer gewonnen und von zwei Untersuchern ausgewertet. Zusätzlich wurde von den Präparaten im B-Bild-Modus ein Longitudinal-Schnitt nach einem standardisierten Protokoll angefertigt. Ergebnisse: Es zeigte sich eine hochsignifikante Korrelation der medianen Grauwertverteilung zwischen zwei Untersuchern (p < 0,001, Intraclass Correlation [ICC] > 0,895) und zwischen Untersuchungen zu unterschiedlichen Zeitpunkten bei der Auswertung der 2D- und 3D-Datensätze (p < 0,001, ICC > 0,935). Im Vergleich der Auswertung der Querschnitte aus dem 3D-Datensatz und dem B-Bild der Längsschnitte zeigte sich ebenfalls eine hochsignifikante Assoziation zwischen den zwei Methoden (p < 0,001, R = 0,800). 92,7 % der Messungen lagen innerhalb den „Limits of agreement” als Zeichen einer hohen Übereinstimmung zwischen den Methoden. Schlussfolgerung: Durch diese standardisierte „In-vitro”-Untersuchung konnte bei der Evaluation der Echogenität keine Überlegenheit der dreidimensionalen gegenüber der zweidimensionalen Sonografie von Plaques der extrakraniellen Arteria carotis interna nachgewiesen werden.
Abstract
Purpose: Previous studies have demonstrated that plaques from the internal carotid artery with lower median grayscale values are associated with higher complication rates in the perinterventional course. A repeatedly cited limitation of ultrasound is that the single plane used to calculate the median grayscale value is only two dimensional. The goal of this study was to compare the median grayscale value as determined using two dimensional cuts versus three dimensional data sets. Materials and Methods: Seventy-one cuts of 24 thromboendarterectomy samples from 19 patients were analyzed using 3D data sets. The ultrasound data sets were obtained using a 10 MHz probe in 3D mode in a special chamber and were evaluated by two investigators. Additionally, a longitudinal view of the samples was made using B mode according to a standardized protocol. Results: There was a significant correlation between the 2D and 3D data as assessed by two observers (p < 0.001, intraclass correlation [ICC] > 0.895) and at different times (p < 0,001, ICC > 0.935). Comparison of the 3D transverse cuts with the longitudinal B mode cuts also showed a highly significant association between the two methods (p < 0.001, R = 0.800). 97.2 % of the measured values were within the limits of agreement, reflecting the concordance of the both methods. Conclusion: The superiority of three dimensional ultrasound with respect to two dimensional ultrasound was not able to be demonstrated using this standardized in vitro procedure to examine the echolucency in extracranial internal carotid artery plaques.
Key words
carotid arteries - ischemia/infarction - 3D ultrasound
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Dr. Christian Denzel
Departement of Surgery, University of Erlangen, Vascular Surgery
Krankenhausstraße 12
91054 Erlangen
Phone: ++ 49/91 31/8 53 29 68
Fax: ++ 49/91 31/8 53 91 15
Email: christian.denzel@chir.imed.uni-erlangen.de