Diagnose der Tuberkulose in der klinischen Praxis - Aktuelle Übersicht relevanter Methoden

Die Tuberkulose gehört zu den häufigsten zum Tode führenden Infektionskrankheiten weltweit. Auf dem Gebiet der Diagnostik der Tuberkulose hat es in den vergangenen Jahren bedeutende Fortschritte gegeben. Heute beruht die Diagnose der Tuberkulose - neben der Erhebung der Anamnese und der körperlichen Untersuchung - auf den Resultaten radiologischer, mikrobiologischer, immunologischer, molekularbiologischer und histologischer Verfahren. Die zusammenfassende Betrachtung der Untersuchungsergebnisse dieser unterschiedlichen Methoden ermöglicht in aller Regel eine schnelle und zuverlässige Therapieentscheidung. Die kulturelle Sicherung von Mycobacterium tuberculosis bleibt dabei der Goldstandard der Tuberkulosediagnostik und ist für eine Antibiotika-Sensibilitätstestung unbedingt erforderlich.

Tuberculosis ranges among the major cause of death by infectious diseases worldwide. Recently, major advances have been made in the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Today, the diagnosis of tuberculosis relies on a comprehensive medical history and clinical examination as well as on the results of radiological, microbiological, immunological, molecular-biological and histological methods. When taken together, results of these examinations allow a rapid and reliable diagnosis or exclusion of tuberculosis for early treatment interventions. However, confirmation of the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by culture remains the gold-standard in the diagnosis of tuberculosis and culture confirmation is necessary for reliable antibiotics sensitivity testing.

Key words

diagnosis - Mycobacterium tuberculosis - TIGRA - tuberculosis

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1 Enzyme Linked ImmunoabSorbant Assay

2 Enzym Linked ImmunoSPOT

3 mycobacterial growth indicator tube

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