Thinking out of the tube: Endoskopische Befunde in Mundhöhle, Pharynx und Larynx im Rahmen der flexiblen Ösophagogastroduodenoskopie

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Während einer flexiblen Ösophagogastroduodenoskopie (ÖGD) können in der Regel die Mundhöhle, Oropharynx, Hypopharynx und Larynx mit einer hohen optischen Auflösung eingesehen werden. In diesem Abschnitt des Verdauungstrakts kommen zahlreiche benigne und maligne Befunde von klinischer Relevanz vor, welche im Rahmen einer Gastroskopie diagnostiziert und einer entsprechen Therapie zugeführt werden können. Insbesondere gilt dies für Kopf-Hals-Tumore, welche eine heterogene Gruppe bösartiger Erkrankungen darstellen und bis ca. 4% der in Deutschland diagnostizierten Krebserkrankungen des Mannes ausmachen.

Material und Methoden

In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden benigne und maligne Befunde in Mundhöhle, Pharynx- und Larynxbereich exemplarisch gezeigt, welche während der gastroenterologischen Routine-Endoskopie erhoben wurden, und in den Kontext einer ausführlichen Literaturrecherche gestellt.

Ergebnisse

Benigne und maligne Befunde in Mundhöhle, Oropharynx, Hypopharynx und Larynx sind mit einem vertretbaren zusätzlichen Zeitaufwand optisch einfach zu diagnostizieren. In ausgewählten Fällen ist eine histologische Sicherung möglich. Wir beschreiben einen Vorschlag für einen strukturierten Untersuchungsablauf.

Schlussfolgerung

Durch eine sorgfältige routinemäßige Inspektion von Mundhöhle, Oropharynx, Hypopharynx und Larynx im Rahmen der Gastroskopie können vor allem bei Risikopersonen, aber auch in der Allgemeinbevölkerung, pathologische Befunde dargestellt und potenziell im Frühstadium diagnostiziert werden.

Abstract

Backround

During a flexible esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), the oral cavity and significant regions of the pharynx (oropharynx, hypopharynx), as well as the larynx, can usually be examined with a high resolution. Numerous benign and malignant findings of considerable clinical relevance can occur in this region of the digestive tract, which can be inspected during a gastroscopy and treated subsequently. Remarkably, head and neck tumors represent a heterogeneous group of malignant diseases and account for ca. 4 % of cancers diagnosed in men in Germany.

Discussion

This review presents benign and malignant findings assessed during routine endoscopy in the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx discussing them in the context of an extensive literature review.

Results

Common benign and malignant findings in the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx are easy to diagnose visually with a reasonable amount of additional time and histological confirmation is possible in selected cases. We describe a proposal for a structured examination procedure.

Conclusion

Careful routine inspection of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx during gastroscopy can reveal pathological findings and diagnose them at an early stage, especially in people at risk, but also in the general population.

Schlüsselwörter

Endoskopie - Hals – Nasen – Ohrenkunde (HNO) - Pharynx

Keywords

Endoscopy - larynx - oral cavity - otolaryngology (ENT) - Pharynx

Publication History

Received: 27 October 2024

Accepted after revision: 29 January 2025

Article published online:
19 February 2025

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