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Semin Plast Surg 2021; 35(03): 198-203
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1732334
Review Article

Bone Healing and Inflammation: Principles of Fracture and Repair

Hassan ElHawary
1   Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
,
Aslan Baradaran
1   Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
,
Jad Abi-Rafeh
1   Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
,
Joshua Vorstenbosch
1   Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
,
Liqin Xu
1   Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
,
Johnny Ionut Efanov
2   Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
› Author Affiliations Funding None of the authors has a financial interest in any of the products, devices, or drugs mentioned in this manuscript.
› Further Information
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Abstract

Bones comprise a significant percentage of human weight and have important physiologic and structural roles. Bone remodeling occurs when healthy bone is renewed to maintain bone strength and maintain calcium and phosphate homeostasis. It proceeds through four phases: (1) cell activation, (2) resorption, (3) reversal, and (4) bone formation. Bone healing, on the other hand, involves rebuilding bone following a fracture. There are two main types of bone healing, primary and secondary. Inflammation plays an integral role in both bone remodeling and healing. Therefore, a tightly regulated inflammatory response helps achieve these two processes, and levels of inflammation can have detrimental effects on bone healing. Other factors that significantly affect bone healing are inadequate blood supply, biomechanical instability, immunosuppression, and smoking. By understanding the different mechanisms of bone healing and the factors that affect them, we may have a better understanding of the underlying principles of bony fixation and thereby improve patient care.

Keywords

bone healing - fracture repair - bone inflammation - osteomyelitis


Publication History

Article published online:
10 September 2021

© 2021. Thieme. All rights reserved.

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