In-vitro-Fertilisation und intrazytoplasmatische Spermieninjektion

Definitionen

Die In-vitro-Fertilisation (IvF) sowie die intrazytoplasmatische

Verfahren zur Konzeptionsoptimierung bei Kinderwunschbehandlung, die über die (zeitliche) Optimierung des Geschlechtsverkehrs hinausgehen, gehören zu den assistierten reproduktiven Techniken.

Spermieninjektion (ICSI) stellen Formen der assistierten reproduktiven Techniken (ART) dar. Unter diesem Begriff wird meist auch die intrauterine Insemination verstanden. Grundsätzlich beschreibt ART jede Maßnahme, die im Rahmen einer Kinderwunschbehandlung über den reinen Geschlechtsverkehr zur Konzeptionsoptimierung hinausgeht. Reine hormonelle Stimulationsverfahren mit Clomifen oder Gonadotropinen sowie ein Zyklusmonitoring fallen nicht darunter.

Unter assistierter Fertilisation versteht man Verfahren wie die ICSI, die über die konventionelle IvF hinaus die Vereinigung der Gameten erleichtern. ICSI ist das einzige Verfahren, welches sich weltweit zu diesem Zweck durchgesetzt hat.

Verfahren wie GIFT (gamete intrafallopian transfer), bei der Gameten per laparoscopiam in die Tube übertragen werden und die SUZI (subzonal sperm injection) mit der Injektion von Spermien unter die Zona pellucida werden heute nur noch selten eingesetzt und sind daher nicht Gegenstand dieser Übersichtsarbeit.

Literatur

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