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Synthesis 2021; 53(09): 1531-1555
DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1706713
DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1706713
review
Recent Advancements in Pyrrole Synthesis
Generous financial supports from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R01GM127649 and Louisiana State University are gratefully acknowledged. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
Abstract
This review article features selected examples on the synthesis of functionalized pyrroles that were reported between 2014 and 2019. Pyrrole is an important nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle that can be found in numerous compounds of biological and material significance. Given its vast importance, pyrrole continues to be an attractive target for the development of new synthetic reactions. The contents of this article are organized by the starting materials, which can be broadly classified into four different types: substrates bearing π-systems, substrates bearing carbonyl and other polar groups, and substrates bearing heterocyclic motifs. Brief discussions on plausible reaction mechanisms for most transformations are also presented.
1 Introduction
2 From π-Systems
2.1 Alkenes
2.2 1,6-Dienes
2.3 Allenes
2.4 Alkynes
2.5 Propargylic Groups
2.6 Homopropargylic Amines
3 From Carbonyl Compounds
3.1 Aldehydes
3.2 Ketones
3.3 Cyanides and Isocyanides
3.4 Formamides
3.5 β-Enamines
3.6 Dicarbonyl Compounds
4 From Polar Compounds
4.1 Aminols
4.2 Diols
4.3 Organonitro Compounds
5 From Heterocycles
5.1 Münchnones
5.2 Isoxazoles
5.3 Carbohydrates
5.4 trans-4-Hydroxy-l-prolines
5.5 Pyrrolines
6 Summary
Publication History
Received: 25 November 2020
Accepted after revision: 08 January 2021
Article published online:
17 March 2021
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