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DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1355764
Spatiotemporal Accuracy of Real-Time 3D Echocardiography in the Neonatal and Pediatric Setting – Validation Studies using Small Dynamic Test Objects
Zeitliche Präzision der Echtzeit-3D-Echokardiografie in Neonatologie und Pädiatrie – Validierung an kleinen dynamischen PhantomenPublication History
05 April 2013
14 August 2013
Publication Date:
12 December 2013 (online)
![](https://www.thieme-connect.de/media/ultraschall/201306/lookinside/thumbnails/10.1055-s-0033-1355764-1.jpg)
Abstract
The precision of real-time 3D-echocardiography (RT3DE) is not sufficiently validated for small, fast-moving structures such as the neonatal and pediatric heart.
Purpose: To assess the spatiotemporal accuracy of RT3DE in small, moving test objects.
Materials and Methods: Small, calibrated test objects in the size of neonatal and pediatric heart chambers were made from polyurethane foam or metal wire mesh and moved in a water bath through a calibrated dynamic test system. Using matrix transducers (X7-2, ie33 and X4-1, Sonos 7500, Philips, Andover, USA), 2 D and live 3 D datasets under variation of the motion speed (0.033 – 0.133 m/s corresponding to 50 – 200 heart cycles/minute), the volume rate and transducer position were recorded and analyzed (QLab 7.0, Philips).
Results: 3 D datasets of the moving test objects showed relevant spatial distortion, which was obviously related to the sequential scanning technology of the matrix transducer. Different segments of a test object were not recorded simultaneously, but rather row-by-row, so that there was a time delay between the first and the last-recorded voxel of a single 3 D volume (mean±SD: 28.9 ± 7.82 m/s or 80 ± 7 % of the time duration of a 3 D volume). With increasing motion speed of the test object and reduced 3 D volume rate, the distortion artifacts increased significantly.
Conclusion: 3 D acquisitions using matrix technology demonstrate relevant spatiotemporal inaccuracies. This may lead to misinterpretations during the evaluation of the synchronicity of valvular or ventricular motion and incorrect definition of volume estimations. In particular, at higher heart rates and higher rates of movement, these limitations have to be taken into account in clinical practice.
Zusammenfassung
Die Präzision der Real-Time-3D-Echokardiografie (RT3DE) ist für kleine, sich schnell bewegende Strukturen wie neonatale und kindliche Herzen nicht ausreichend validiert.
Ziel: Überprüfung der zeitlichen Genauigkeit der RT3DE an kleinen, bewegten Testobjekten.
Material und Methoden: Kleine, definierte Testobjekte in Größe neonataler und kindlicher Herzkammern wurden im Wasserbad durch ein kalibriertes dynamisches Testsystem bewegt. 2D- und live-3D-Datensätze wurden mit Matrix-Schallköpfen (X7-2, ie33 und X4-1, Sonos 7500, Philips, Andover, USA) unter Variation der Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit (0,033 – 0,133 m/s entsprechend 50 – 200 Herzzyklen/min.), Bildrate und Position des Ultraschallkopfes aufgenommen und ausgewertet (QLab 7.0, Philips).
Ergebnisse: Die 3D-Datensätze von bewegten Testobjekten wiesen eine relevante räumliche Verzerrung auf, die durch die sequentielle Aufnahmetechnik des Matrix-Ultraschallkopfes bedingt war. Verschiedene Segmente eines Testobjektes werden zeilenweise nacheinander aufgenommen, sodass eine zeitliche Latenz zwischen dem ersten und dem letzten aufgenommenen Voxel eines 3D-Volumens entsteht (im Mittel 28,9 ± 7,82 m/s bzw. 80 ± 7 % der Dauer eines 3D-Volumens). Mit zunehmender Geschwindigkeit des bewegten Objektes und verminderter Bildrate nahmen die Distorsionsartefakte zu.
Schlussfolgerungen: 3D-Aufnahmen mittels Matrixtechnologie weisen relevante zeitliche Unschärfen auf. Bei der Beurteilung der Synchronizität von Klappen- oder Myokardbewegungen können diese zu Fehlinterpretationen führen. Insbesondere bei hohen Schlagfrequenzen und hohen Bewegungsgeschwindigkeiten müssen diese Limitationen in der klinischen Anwendung berücksichtigt werden.
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