Recent Advances in Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides

Abstract

Poly(α-hydroxy acids) are important biodegradable polymers with wide applications. Recently O-carboxyanhydrides (OCAs) have emerged as promising monomer equivalents of lactides to synthesize poly(α-hydroxy acids). We will highlight recent advances in controlled ring-opening polymerization of OCAs catalyzed by organocatalysts, enzymes, or organometallic complexes.

1 Introduction

2 Organocatalysts for O-Carboxyanhydride Polymerization

2.1 Synthesis of O-Carboxyanhydride Monomers

2.2 Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Catalyzed by 4-Dimethylaminopyridine

2.3 Epimerization in the Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Catalyzed by the Pyridine Base

2.4 N-Heterocyclic Carbenes for Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides

3 Enzymes for O-Carboxyanhydride Polymerization

4 Organometallic Catalysts for O-Carboxyanhydride Polymerization

4.1 Early Efforts

4.2 Ring-Opening Polymerization Catalyzed by Zn Complexes

4.3 Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization Catalyzed by Zn/Ni Complexes

5 Conclusion and Perspective

Key words

polyesters - O-carboxyanhydrides - ring-opening polymerization - photoredox - organocatalysis - poly(α-hydroxy acid)

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