Ultrahochfeld-MRT am Hühnerembryo in ovo – ein Modell für die experimentelle Ophthalmologie

Zusammenfassung

Die UHF-MRT ist ein hervorragendes Verfahren zur nicht invasiven sowie nicht destruktiven Darstellung verschiedener Gewebe mit unterschiedlichem Weichteilkontrast sowie einem hohen Auflösungsvermögen im µm-Bereich. Das embryonale Auge stellt mit seinen filigranen anatomischen Strukturen genau diese Anforderungen an ein Bildgebungsverfahren. Durch seinen kurzen Entwicklungszyklus ist das Huhn ein beliebtes Tiermodell für embryonale Studien. Als nicht invasives Bildgebungsdiagnostikum erlauben repetitive In-ovo-Untersuchungen am selben Embryo eine Realisierung longitudinaler Studien über den gesamten Entwicklungsverlauf. Am Hühnerembryonenmodell (Gallus gallus domesticus) wurden die Grenzen und Möglichkeiten der In-ovo-Bildgebung bei 7 T evaluiert sowie das Größenwachstum der Embryonen mit Hauptaugenmerk auf die detaillierte Augenentwicklung beschrieben.

Abstract

Ultra-high-field MRI (UHF-MRI) is an outstanding technique for non-invasive and non-destructive imaging of soft tissues and can provide versatile contrasts and high resolution in the µm range. In vivo imaging of the embryonal chick eye with its filigree anatomical structures imposes these requirements. However, due to the short embryonal development cycle, chicken are a favourite animal model for embryonal research studies. Ultra-high-field MRI allows repeated and longitudinal in ovo investigations on the same embryo. In the present study, the limitations and opportunities of in ovo MR-imaging at 7 T were evaluated and the process of eye growth was described in detail.

Schlüsselwörter

Ultrahochfeld-MRT - Augenentwicklung - Hühnerembryo - In-ovo-Untersuchung

Key words

ultra-high-field MRI - eye development - chick embryo - in ovo examination

• Literatur

• 1 Langner S, Martin H, Terwee T. et al. 7.1 T MRI to assess the anterior segment of the eye. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2010; 51: 6575-6581
• 2 Mönninghoff C, Ladd ME, Forsting M. 7-Tesla-MRT in der Neuroradiologie. Möglichkeiten und Perspektiven. Nervenheilkunde 2013; 32: 485-492
• 3 Richdale K, Wassenaar P, Teal Bluestein K. et al. 7 Tesla MR imaging of the human eye in vivo. J Magn Reson Imaging 2009; 30: 924-932
• 4 Niendorf T, Paul K, Graessl A. et al. Ophthalmologische Bildgebung mit Ultrahochfeld-Magnetresonanztomografie. Technische Innovationen und wegweisende Anwendungen. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 2014; 231: 1187-1195
• 5 Moser E. Ultra-high-field magnetic resonance: Why and when?. World J Radiol 2010; 2: 37-40
• 6 Thylur DS, Jacobs RE, Go JL. et al. Ultra-high-field magnetic resonance imaging of the human inner ear at 11.7 Tesla. Otol Neurotol 2017; 38: 133-138
• 7 Sengupta S, Fritz FJ, Harms RL. et al. High resolution anatomical and quantitative MRI of the entire human occipital lobe ex vivo at 9.4 T. Neuroimage 2017;
• 8 Paul K, Graessl A, Rieger J. et al. Diffusion-sensitized ophthalmic magnetic resonance imaging free of geometric distortion at 3.0 and 7.0 T: a feasibility study in healthy subjects and patients with intraocular masses. Invest Radiol 2015; 50: 309-321
• 9 Lindner T, Klose R, Streckenbach F. et al. Morphologic and biometric evaluation of chick embryo eyes in ovo using 7 Tesla MRI. Sci Rep 2017; 7: 2647
• 10 Stachs O, Langner S, Terwee T. et al. In vivo 7.1 T magnetic resonance imaging to assess the lens geometry in rabbit eyes 3 years after lens-refilling surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg 2011; 37: 749-757
• 11 Effmann EL, Johnson GA, Smith BR. et al. Magnetic resonance microscopy of chick embryos in ovo. Teratology 1988; 38: 59-65
• 12 Hogers B, Gross D, Lehmann V. et al. Magnetic resonance microscopy at 17.6-Tesla on chicken embryos in vitro. J Magn Reson Imaging 2001; 14: 83-86
• 13 Smith BR, Effmann EL, Johnson GA. MR microscopy of chick embryo vasculature. J Magn Reson Imaging 1992; 2: 237-240
• 14 Zhang X, Yelbuz TM, Cofer GP. et al. Improved preparation of chick embryonic samples for magnetic resonance microscopy. Magn Reson Med 2003; 49: 1192-1195
• 15 Tattersall RJ, Prashar A, Singh KD. et al. Ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging of crystalline lens dimensions in chicken. Mol Vis 2010; 16: 144-153
• 16 Goodall N, Kisiswa L, Prashar A. et al. 3-Dimensional modelling of chick embryo eye development and growth using high resolution magnetic resonance imaging. Exp Eye Res 2009; 89: 511-521
• 17 Bain MM, Fagan AJ, Mullin JM. et al. Noninvasive monitoring of chick development in ovo using a 7 T MRI system from day 12 of incubation through to hatching. J Magn Reson Imaging 2007; 26: 198-201
• 18 Stern CD. The chick; a great model system becomes even greater. Dev Cell 2005; 8: 9-17
• 19 Vergara MN, Canto-Soler MV. Rediscovering the chick embryo as a model to study retinal development. Neural Dev 2012; 7: 22
• 20 Stern CD. The chick embryo – past, present and future as a model system in developmental biology. Mech Dev 2004; 121: 1011-1013
• 21 Barber J, Itasaki N. Expression of prolyl hydroxylases 2 and 3 in chick embryos. Gene Expr Patterns 2016; 21: 97-102
• 22 Oltean A, Huang J, Beebe DC. et al. Tissue growth constrained by extracellular matrix drives invagination during optic cup morphogenesis. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2016; 15: 1405-1421
• 23 Zhang L, Zhu XD, Wang XF. et al. Green light-emitting diodes light stimuli during incubation enhances posthatch growth without disrupting normal eye development of broiler embryos and hatchlings. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2016; 29: 1562-1568