Fluorine Coating Stops Binuclear Phthalocyanine Aggregation

Significance

Binuclear phthalocyanine systems absorb in a wide range of the spectrum, and have high quantum yields, but these properties are perturbed owing to aggregation. This is avoided by coating the exterior of the molecule with trifluoroethanol, which yields intramolecular fluorophilic attraction interactions, regardless of the steric hindrance.